What is Philosophy? | Lecture 1 | Philosophy of Ethics and Justice скачать в хорошем качестве

What is Philosophy? | Lecture 1 | Philosophy of Ethics and Justice

Introduction: Welcome to the first lecture in the course Philosophy of Ethics and Justice. Lecture 1: What Is Philosophy? Lecture held: October 2023 Edited: March 2026 This lecture begins with one of the most fundamental questions: What is philosophy? It serves as an introduction to the course as a whole and sets out the central themes that will guide the lectures that follow. In this lecture, we examine the major branches of philosophy and briefly introduce their scope and significance. We also turn to Bertrand Russell’s The Problems of Philosophy to reflect on the value of philosophy and why philosophical inquiry matters. The lecture then moves to Plato’s Republic, especially the discussion between Socrates and Glaucon, with particular attention to the story of the Ring of Gyges, in order to explore a central ethical question: Why do people act justly? Along the way, we also consider a number of difficult ethical problems and illustrative examples. These are meant to introduce the broader concerns of the course and to give a clearer sense of its direction. This lecture is part of an ongoing series on ethics, justice, and philosophical thought. Citations and Sources: 1) University of Minnesota Law Library, Digital Special Collections — “Regina v. Dudley & Stephens” (Classic Cases: Criminal) 2) Michael J. Sandel, Justice: What’s the Right Thing to Do? (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2009) 3) Bertrand Russell, The Problems of Philosophy (New York: Cosimo Classics, 2007) 4) Plato, Gorgias, trans. Benjamin Jowett (2022) 5) Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason, trans. Paul Guyer and Allen W. Wood (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) 6) Julia Driver, “Moral Theory,” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Fall 2022 edition. 7) Rosalind Hursthouse and Glen Pettigrove, “Virtue Ethics,” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Fall 2023 edition Image Attributions: 1) Plato’s Euthyphro Book Cover Image Attribution: Amazon product listing for Euthyphro by Plato, translated by Benjamin Jowett: https://www.amazon.com/Euthyphro-Plat... 2) Socrates’ Bust Image Attribution: Socrates Louvre. Sting, CC BY-SA 2.5, via Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/... 3) Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics Book Cover Image Attribution: Nicomachean Ethics by Aristotle, Oxford University Press, via Amazon product page: https://www.amazon.com/Nicomachean-Et... 4) John Stuart Mill’s Utilitarianism Book Cover Image Attribution: Amazon product page, Utilitarianism by John Stuart Mill, Dover Thrift Editions: https://www.amazon.com/Utilitarianism... 5) James Mill Image Attribution: James Mill.jpg. Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... License: https://creativecommons.org/publicdom... James Mill’s Book Page Image Attribution: Internet Archive, The History of British India by James Mill, Vol. I (1817) — https://archive.org/details/historyof... 6) Immanuel Kant’s Image Attribution: Immanuel Kant - Gemaelde 1.jpg. Johann Gottlieb Becker (1720–1782), Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... License: https://creativecommons.org/publicdom... 7) Robert Nozick’s Image Attribution: Libertarian Review, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... License: No License Needed. Image is in Public Domain. Robert Nozick’s Book Cover Image Attribution: Amazon product page, Anarchy, State, and Utopia by Robert Nozick: https://www.amazon.com/Anarchy-State-... 8) John Rawls’ Image Attribution: John Rawls (1971 photo portrait).jpg. Published by the Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; photograph by Alec Rawls, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... License: https://creativecommons.org/publicdom... John Rawls’ Book Cover Image Attribution: Amazon product page, A Theory of Justice by John Rawls: https://www.amazon.com/Theory-Justice... 9) Bertrand Russell’s Image Attribution: Bassano Ltd, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... License: https://creativecommons.org/publicdom...