The History of Educational Law in Central Europe|Markéta Czerna and Sabina Brandlová скачать в хорошем качестве

The History of Educational Law in Central Europe|Markéta Czerna and Sabina Brandlová

🗣️ SABINA – Part 1 1. Introduction Hello. Our names are Markéta Czerna and Sabina Brandlová. We are students at the Faculty of Law in Plzeň. This presentation is for our course History of Law in Central Europe. Our topic is The History of Educational Law in Central Europe. We will talk about how school and education laws changed over time. This is important because education helps people and society to grow. It also shows how ideas about learning and rights have changed. 2. Education in the Middle Ages In the Middle Ages, most people could not read or write. Only rich people and church members had education. Schools were part of monasteries and cathedrals. Monks and priests taught boys Latin, religion, and some science. Girls almost never went to school. There were no school laws. Education was not for everyone. It was a privilege for a small group. In 1348, Charles University was founded in Prague. It was the first university in Central Europe. But still, most people had no access to education. 3. Compulsory School Attendance – 18th Century In the 18th century, things began to change. Maria Theresa, an empress of the Habsburg monarchy, made a big reform. In 1774, she introduced compulsory school attendance. Children from age 6 to 12 had to go to school. Schools taught reading, writing, math, and religion. These were called “trivial schools”. This was the first time education became a law. The state now controlled school systems. It was a big step in history. 4. 19th Century – Growth of School Law In the 19th century, education law improved even more. In 1869, a new law was made in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. School became compulsory for 8 years. More schools were run by the state, not only the church. Secondary and vocational schools were created. Also, girls were slowly allowed to study. Later, even some women could go to university. Education became more fair and open to all. Now I give the word to Markéta. ⸻ 🗣️ MARKÉTA – Part 2 Thank you, Sabina. 5. 20th Century – Big Changes In the 20th century, education continued to change a lot. After World War I, the First Czechoslovak Republic made education more democratic. New schools opened, and more children from different families could learn together. It was a time of progress and new opportunities. After 1948, the communist regime took control of schools. Education was used for spreading ideology. The state had full control. Private and church schools were closed. Teachers and students had to follow political ideas. After 1989, with the fall of communism, freedom returned. Private and church schools were allowed again. Universities became more independent. New subjects like foreign languages, economics, and computers were introduced. The law also started to support students with special needs. Education became more inclusive and modern. 6. Present Day Today, the right to education is protected by the constitution. In Central Europe, all children have access to free public education. There are both public and private schools. Many universities are supported by the state. But there are still new challenges: • Digital learning and online education • A lack of teachers in some areas • How to teach critical thinking • Questions about homeschooling and mental health • The role of artificial intelligence in schools Education law today tries to deal with these problems and improve the system. 7. Conclusion In the past, education was only for rich boys. Today, education is for everyone. Educational law helped make society more equal and free. It gave people the chance to learn, grow, and change their future. Thank you very much for listening. 👩🏽‍🎓⚖️