怎样治疗孩子学习障碍 徐磊 成都西南儿童医院 скачать в хорошем качестве

怎样治疗孩子学习障碍 徐磊 成都西南儿童医院

怎样治疗孩子学习障碍 徐磊 成都西南儿童医院 应根据印儿童的年龄、类型、程度、临床表现以及心理测评结果来确定。一般原则是以接纳、理解、支持和鼓励为主，以改善印患儿不良的自我意识，增强其自信心和学习动机。进而根据他们的认知特点，采取针对性的教育治疗，并且尽可能取得家长与学校的配合。迄今应用于这类儿童的治疗方法已有多种。但得到公认有效的方法主要是治疗教育、药物疗法和精神(心理)疗法，综合应用效果更佳。实施矫治时坚持个别化原则，并且忌高起点、超负荷训练，要及时进行效果/心理评估，以调整后期训练。干预的具体方法如下。①手眼协调训练：如划消实验、触觉辨认训练、电脑操作训练、，手语训练、视动训练、书法训练、运动等；②视觉分析训练：半视野速示训练、Neker立方图辨认、点状图定位训练、结构图辨别训练、重叠结构辨认、方向辨认训练、物体体积面积判断训练等；③结构化训练：如知觉训练、视觉理解训练、电脑训练、书写训练、意义理解训练、正确发音训练、注意力(自控)训练等；④感觉统合训练。医疗保健机构的干预常规程序包括：(1)制定个别教育计划(1EP)。(2)进行个别指导计划。(3)在普通学校建立特殊教育班级。(4)时间概念的教育训练。(5)中期效果评估等。具体矫治方法包括：(1)感觉统合疗法。(2)行为疗法。(3)正负强化。(4)游戏疗法。(5)社会技能训练。(6)理解规则训练。(7)结构化教育训练等。 How to treat children's learning disabilities It should be determined according to the age, type, degree, clinical manifestations and psychological evaluation results of Indian children. The general principle is to accept, understand, support and encourage, In order to improve the poor self-awareness of Indian children, Enhance their self-confidence and learning motivation. Then according to their cognitive characteristics, Take targeted education and treatment, And try to get the cooperation of parents and schools. So far, there are many kinds of treatment methods applied to this kind of children. But the main effective methods are treatment education, drug therapy and psychotherapy, The effect of comprehensive application is better. We should adhere to the principle of individualization when carrying out correction, And avoid high starting point and overload training, Timely effect / psychological assessment is required, To adjust for later training. The specific methods of intervention are as follows. ① Hand eye coordination training: such as stroke elimination experiment, tactile recognition training, computer operation training, Sign language training, visual movement training, calligraphy training, sports, etc; ② Visual analysis training: half field quick display training, neker cube diagram recognition, point diagram positioning training, structure diagram recognition training, overlapping structure recognition, direction recognition training, object volume area judgment training, etc; ③ Structured training: such as perception training, visual understanding training, computer training, writing training, meaning understanding training, correct pronunciation training, attention (self-control) training, etc; ④ Sensory integration training. The routine intervention procedures of health care institutions include: (1) making individual education plan (1ep). (2) Carry out individual guidance plan. (3) Establish special education classes in general schools. (4) Education and training of time concept. (5) Medium term effect evaluation, etc. The specific treatment methods include: (1) sensory integration therapy. (2) Behavioral therapy. (3) Positive and negative reinforcement. (4) Play therapy. （5） Social skills training. (6) Understanding rules training. (7) Structured education and training.