GHS Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals скачать в хорошем качестве

GHS Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals

#GHS #Labeling #HAZCOM What is the Globally Harmonized System (GHS)? GHS stands for the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals. GHS defines and classifies the hazards of chemical products, and communicates health and safety information on labels and safety data sheets). The goal is that the same set of rules for classifying hazards, and the same format and content for labels and safety data sheets (SDS) will be adopted and used around the world. An international team of hazard communication experts developed GHS. Why is global harmonization necessary? Currently many different countries have different systems for classification and labelling of chemical products. In addition, several different systems can exist even within the same country. This situation has been expensive for governments to regulate and enforce, costly for companies who have to comply with many different systems, and confusing for workers who need to understand the hazards of a chemical in order to work safely. GHS promises to deliver several distinct benefits. Among them are: Promoting regulatory efficiency. Facilitating trade. Easing compliance. Reducing costs. Providing improved, consistent hazard information. Encouraging the safe transport, handling and use of chemicals. Promoting better emergency response to chemical incidents. Reducing the need for animal testing. What is the scope of GHS? GHS covers all hazardous chemicals and may be adopted to cover chemicals in the workplace, transport, consumer products, pesticides and pharmaceuticals. The target audiences for GHS include workers, transport workers, emergency responders and consumers. What are the two major elements in GHS? The two major elements of GHS are: 1. Classification of the hazards of chemicals according to the GHS rules: GHS provides guidance on classifying pure chemicals and mixtures according to its criteria or rules. 2. Communication of the hazards and precautionary information using Safety Data Sheets and labels: Labels - With the GHS, certain information will appear on the label. For example, the chemical identity may be required. Standardized hazard statements, signal words and symbols will appear on the label according to the classification of that chemical or mixture. Precautionary statements may also be required, if adopted by your regulatory authority. Safety Data Sheets (SDS) - The GHS SDS has 16 sections in a set order, and minimum information is prescribed. What are some key terms in the GHS Vocabulary? SDS – Safety Data Sheet. SDS is the term used by GHS for Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Hazard group – While not given a formal definition, GHS divides hazards into three major groups – health, physical and environmental. Class – Class is the term used to describe the different types of hazards. For example, Gases under Pressure is an example of a class in the physical hazards group. Category – Category is the name used to describe the sub-sections of classes. For example, Self-Reactive Chemicals have 7 categories. Each category has rules or criteria to determine what chemicals are assigned to that category. Categories are assigned numbers (or letters) with category 1 (or A) being the most hazardous. Hazard Statement – For each category of a class, a standardized statement is used to describe the hazard. For example, the hazard statement for chemicals which meet the criteria for the class Self-heating substances and mixtures, Category 1 is Self-heating; may catch fire. This hazard statement would appear both on the label and on the SDS. Precautionary Statement – These statements are standardized phrases that describe the recommended steps to be taken to minimize or prevent adverse effects from exposure to or resulting from improper handling or storage of a hazardous product. Signal word – There are two signal words used by the GHS – Danger and Warning. These signal words are used to communicate the level of hazard on both the label and the SDS. The appropriate signal word to use is set out by the classification system. For example, the signal word for Self-heating substances and mixtures, Category 1 is Danger while Warning is used for the less serious Category 2. There are categories where no signal word is used. Pictogram – Pictogram refers to the GHS symbol on the label and SDS. Not all categories have a symbol associated with them. What is meant by the GHS hazard groupings and building block concept? There are three major hazard groups: Physical hazards. Health hazards. Environmental hazards. Within each of these hazard groups there are classes and categories. Each of these parts is called a building block. Each country can determine which building blocks of the GHS it will use in their different sectors (workplace, transportation, consumers). Once the building blocks are chosen, the corresponding GHS rules for classification and labels must be used.