MODES OF CHARGING SECURITIES | LIEN -HYPOTHECATION- PLEDGE- ASSIGNMENT | CSEB/PSC EXAM POINT | JCI скачать в хорошем качестве

MODES OF CHARGING SECURITIES | LIEN -HYPOTHECATION- PLEDGE- ASSIGNMENT | CSEB/PSC EXAM POINT | JCI

Modes of charging securities are methods banks use to secure loans by creating a claim (charge) on a borrower's assets, primarily involving Pledge, Hypothecation, Mortgage, and Lien, plus others like Assignment and Set-off, differing mainly by possession of the asset (movable/immovable) and the extent of rights transferred to the lender. Key Modes of Charging Securities: Pledge: What it is: A bailment (delivery) of movable goods as security for a debt. Possession: Transferred to the lender (pledgee). Example: Depositing gold jewelry or share certificates with a bank. Hypothecation: What it is: Creating an equitable charge on movable property without transferring possession. Possession: Stays with the borrower, but the lender can take possession if default occurs. Example: Loans against stock, inventory, or vehicles (where borrower keeps using it). Mortgage: What it is: Transferring an interest in immovable property (land, buildings) to secure debt. Possession: Varies (simple mortgage, deposit of title deeds), but legal interest is transferred. Example: Home loans or commercial property loans. Lien: What it is: The right to retain possession of goods or documents belonging to the borrower until the debt is paid. Possession: Lender holds the property. Example: A lawyer holding client documents or a bank retaining fixed deposit receipts for a loan. Assignment: What it is: Transferring the right to receive debts (actionable claims) or other property to the lender. Example: Assigning book debts or future receivables. #LIEN #HYPOTHECATION #PLEDGE #ASSIGNMENT #MODESOFCHARGINGSECURITIES #cseb #psc #jci #the_white_paper #csebexam #importantquestions #importantpoints #junior_cooperative_inspector #banking