vasospasm скачать в хорошем качестве

vasospasm

The narrowing of the arteries caused by vasoconstriction (persistent contraction of blood vessels), that can reduce blood flow. It can affect any area of the body. Symptoms can vary depending on the area of the body affected. (Types) • cerebral vasospasm: Occurs in the brain. It is often due to a subarachnoid hemorrhage after a cerebral aneurysm has ruptured. (Symptoms: Include stroke-like symptoms.) • coronary artery vasospasm: Occurs in the coronary artery. Ischemia in the heart due to prolonged coronary vasospasm can lead to angina, myocardial infarction, and even death. • vasospasm in the toes or fingers: Reduces blood flow to the fingers and toes. (Diagnosis) • imaging tests: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography angiography (CTA) • angiogram: Views the arteries. cerebral vasospasm (Symptoms: Include stroke-like symptoms.) • fever • neck stiffness • numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body • trouble speaking, seeing in one or both eyes, walking • dizziness, loss of balance or coordination • confusion • severe headache with no known cause (Risk factors) • Patients with hemorrhagic stroke (Diagnosis) • cerebral angiography: An X-ray using contrast dye. • transcranial doppler ultrasound: Measures the blood at the base of the brain. (Treatment) • Treating the bleeding. • neurosurgery: Treats abnormal or leaky blood vessels. coronary artery vasospasm (Symptoms) • chest pain: Constricting, crushing, pressure, squeezing, or tightness. (Risk factors) Patients with atherosclerosis: Fatty deposits build up and harden on the inside of the arteries. (Diagnosis) • electrocardiogram (ECG) • echocardiogram (Treatment: Minimizes chest pain and prevents a heart attack.) • lifestyle modifications: Prevents the occurrence of atherosclerosis, that includes decreasing low-density lipoprotein (LDL), quitting smoking, physical activity, and control for other risk factors including diabetes, obesity, and hypertension. • nitrodilators: Work by increasing nitric oxide levels in the blood and inducing coronary vasodilation, allowing more coronary blood flow and increased oxygen supply to the myocardium. E.g. isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide mononitrate, nitroglycerin, erythrityl tetranitrate, pentaerythritol tetranitrate, sodium nitroprusside. • L-type calcium channel blockers: Induces dilation of the coronary arteries, also decreases the heart's demand for oxygen by reducing contractility, heart rate, and wall stress. E.g. nimodipine, verapamil, diltiazem, nifedipine. • beta-receptor antagonists (beta blockers): Reduces the heart's demand for oxygen. E.g. propranolol. vasospasms in the toes or fingers (Symptoms) • sharp pain: Burning or stinging. • finger or toe turning purple or blue (Risk factors) Patients with Rynaud's phenomenon (Treatment) • Avoiding cold air, vibration, and emotional stress. • lifestyle modifications: Improve circulation. E.g. stopping smoking.