A Father of the Internet | Philip Emeagwali скачать в хорошем качестве

A Father of the Internet | Philip Emeagwali

The Reader’s Digest described Philip Emeagwali as “smarter than Albert Einstein.” Philip Emeagwali is often ranked as the world’s greatest living genius and scientist. He is listed in the top 20 greatest minds that ever lived. That list includes Charles Darwin, Isaac Newton, William Shakespeare, Leonardo da Vinci, Aristotle, Pythagoras, and Confucius. Philip Emeagwali is studied in schools as a living historical figure. In 1989, Philip Emeagwali rose to fame when he won a recognition described as the Nobel Prize of Supercomputing and made the news headlines for his invention of first world’s fastest computing across an Internet that’s a global network of processors. CNN called him "A Father of the Internet." House Beautiful magazine ranked his invention among nine important everyday things taken for granted. In a White House speech of August 26, 2000, then U.S. President Bill Clinton described Philip Emeagwali as “one of the great minds of the Information Age.” Transcribed from YouTube Lecture 1.1.1 Who’s Philip Emeagwali? I’m Philip Emeagwali. I experimentally discovered what makes computers faster and what makes supercomputers fastest. I experimentally discovered how to use the modern supercomputer to solve the toughest problems in large-scale computational physics. I experimentally discovered how to solve those grand challenge problems and solve them across a small internet that is a global network of 64 binary thousand central processing units. The most computation-intensive problems in physics include problems arising from encoding the laws of motion of physics and encoding those laws into the partial differential equations of calculus that are, in turn, reduced to a large-scale system of equations of algebra and using those algebraic equations to foresee unforeseen global warming or to recover unrecoverable oil and gas or to solve many computation-intensive problems arising in large-scale computational physics. As I discovered in the 1980s, that massively parallel machine and previously unimagined internet is a supercomputer, or the fastest computer, de facto. 1.1.2 Introduction: History of Fastest Supercomputers My quest was for the fastest supercomputer, or a massively parallel supercomputer, that is fastest out of the rawness of its raw processors. In nineteen forty-six [1946], the fastest supercomputer represented the first generation of the Information Age. In nineteen fifty [1950], the fastest supercomputer was powered by vacuum tubes. The supercomputers of the nineteen sixties [1960s] represented the second generation of the Information Age. The fastest supercomputers of the nineteen sixties [1960s] were powered by transistors. The fastest supercomputers of the nineteen seventies [1970s] were powered by only one processor. The paradigm in fast supercomputing shifted in nineteen eighty-nine [1989]. Before nineteen eighty-nine [1989], the fastest computations were recorded on a supercomputer that computed with only one central processing unit. That singular processor was the heartbeat of the supercomputer. 1.1.3 How I Discovered the Modern Supercomputer To discover is to understand something that was previously misunderstood and understand it in a new way. I understood a global network of the slowest 65,536 central processing units that was previously misunderstood. I understood that technology to be also an internet whereas others misunderstood it to be only a parallel processing machine. I understood that technology to be a supercomputer whereas the textbooks of the 1980s considered it impossible for a parallel processing machine to compute faster than a supercomputer. The established truth in the textbooks was called Amdahl’s Law. In the most quoted scientific paper in supercomputing that was published in April 1967, Gene Amdahl wrote that it will forever be impossible to achieve a speed increase of a factor of eight and achieve it by using eight central processing units to power a supercomputer. Twenty-three years after Amdahl’s Law, it made the news headlines that I—Philip Emeagwali— discovered that the impossible is, in fact, possible, namely, achieve a speed increase in supercomputing of 64 binary thousand and achieve that speed increase with as many central processing units. I began programming supercomputers on June 20, 1974 at age nineteen. I began programming supercomputers in the Computer Center at 1800 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, Oregon, United States. I began supercomputing by programming supercomputers that were powered by only