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Omphalocele is a type of abdominal wall defect in which the bowel, liver and other abdominal organs protrude out of the abdomen and into the base of the umbilical cord. Surgical repair is performed primarily in stages, or after a period of waiting which can last several months. Omphalocele occurs very early in pregnancy when the abdominal cavity fails to form normally. The abdominal cavity is normally formed at three to four weeks gestation when the disk-like embryo undergoes infolding. A large or “giant” omphalocele forms when there is a failure of lateral infolding of the embryo, resulting in an inadequate abdominal cavity with containment of the abdominal organs only by a thin clear membrane called the omphalocele sac. Smaller omphaloceles, also referred to as “hernia of the cord,” form later (eight to 11 weeks gestation) after normal infolding of the embryo occurs (resulting in a formed abdominal cavity), when the umbilical ring fails to close around the umbilical cord resulting in a small defect that usually contains only intestine. Small omphaloceles are more likely to be associated with chromosomal defects or syndromes. Omphalocele differs from gastroschisis in that the protruding organs are covered by the omphalocele sac. Gastroschisis has no sac and is likely caused by a rupture of a hernia of the cord, resulting in extrusion of intestine through the small umbilical defect. In contrast to gastroschisis, a ruptured giant omphalocele has all of the organs, including liver, outside the abdomen without a covering membrane. In addition, compared to gastroschisis, giant omphaloceles are frequently associated with small lung size. Finally, whereas gastroschisis often develops in the first pregnancy of young mothers, omphaloceles typically develop in the pregnancies of older women