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Richard Butler — Nuclear Diplomacy at the End of History

Richard Butler AC is a retired Australian diplomat. He served as Australia's first Ambassador for Disarmament (1983-1988), Australian Ambassador to the United Nations (1992-1997), and Chair of the United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM) to inspect Iraq for weapons of mass destruction (1997-1999). He also served as Chair of the Canberra Commission on the Elimination of Nuclear Weapons. Earlier in his career, he was Chief of Staff to Leader of the Opposition, and former Prime Minister, Gough Whitlam (1975-1977). Butler played a crucial role in both the permanent extension of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in 1995 and the adoption of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty in 1996. His work helped establish the framework through which we still manage nuclear weapons risks today. This is his first ever podcast interview. SPONSOR This episode is sponsored by GiveWell. GiveWell is an independent nonprofit focused on helping people do as much good as possible with their donations. If you’ve never used GiveWell to donate, you can have your donation matched up to one hundred dollars before the end of the year or as long as matching funds last. To claim your match, go to GiveWell's website, pick "Podcast" and enter "The Joe Walker Podcast" at checkout. To donate or find out more, go here: https://www.givewell.org/ SUBSCRIBE TO THE PODCAST ►    / @josephnoelwalker   LISTEN ON: SPOTIFY: https://open.spotify.com/episode/75ES... APPLE PODCASTS: https://podcasts.apple.com/au/podcast... TRANSCRIPT: WEBSITE: https://josephnoelwalker.com/richard-... FOLLOW ME ON: TWITTER:   / josephnwalker   TIMESTAMPS (00:00:00) - Introduction. (00:03:10) - When Australia tried to acquire nuclear weapons. (00:11:05) - How the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty was saved and permanently extended in 1995. (00:37:42) - How Richard masterminded the adoption of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) by the UN General Assembly in 1996. (00:48:57) - Richard's work as Australia's first Ambassador for Disarmament from 1983 to 1988 (including a trip to Moscow). (01:09:38) - What general lessons can we draw from the negotiation of the CTBT? (01:15:22) - What are the that factors make Australia so good at multilateral diplomacy? (01:25:50) - The art of diplomacy. (01:36:13) - How the CTBT Organisation monitors and detects nuclear explosions around the world. (01:37:53) - The US-Australia joint facilities (& the CIA's role in Gough Whitlam's dismissal). (01:49:43) - The practical challenges of verifying the non-existence of WMDs. (01:53:42) - Richard's stories about working as Chief of Staff to former Australian Prime Minister Gough Whitlam. (02:06:20) - Disarmament and deterrence in the 21st century.