Muqaddimah by Ibn Khaldun | Complete Book Summary in Urdu | قوموں کا عروج و زوال скачать в хорошем качестве

Muqaddimah by Ibn Khaldun | Complete Book Summary in Urdu | قوموں کا عروج و زوال

Written in 1377 by the Arab scholar Ibn Khaldun, Al-Muqaddimah is not merely a history book, but a revolutionary attempt to establish the "science of human society" (‘ilm al-‘umran). It seeks to discover the universal laws governing the rise and fall of civilizations, particularly dynasties and empires. Core Theory: ‘Asabiyyah and the Bedouin-Sedentary Cycle The engine of Khaldun’s theory is ‘asabiyyah—a difficult-to-translate concept meaning group solidarity, social cohesion, or tribal bond. It is the vital force that binds a community, fueled by shared kinship, religion, or cause. He posits that history follows a cyclical pattern, typically spanning three to four generations (about 120 years): Rise: A nomadic Bedouin group, hardened by desert life and possessing intense ‘asabiyyah, conquers a decaying sedentary civilization. Their cohesion gives them military superiority. Consolidation: The conquerors establish a new dynasty in the city. The ruler centralizes power, becoming increasingly autocratic. Peak & Decline: Luxury, leisure, and urban prosperity (‘umran hadari) erode ‘asabiyyah. The ruler must now rely on mercenaries and taxes, alienating the original group. Moral and military fiber weakens. Fall: The dynasty becomes complacent, fiscally strained, and vulnerable. A new group with stronger ‘asabiyyah emerges from the periphery and repeats the cycle. The Necessity of Religion The Law of Inevitable Decline division of labor systemic, sociological inevitability Founder of Sociology & Historiography Focus on Social Cohesion (‘Asabiyyah) #TheNecessityofReligion #ibnkhaldun #asabiyyah #Al-Muqaddimah #divisionoflabor #EconomicBasisofPower