The Memory Wall скачать в хорошем качестве

The Memory Wall

The sources examine the technical specifications and fundamental limitations of contemporary computing architecture, focusing heavily on the Von Neumann bottleneck. They compare the high bandwidth capabilities of PCIe Gen 5 x16 (up to 128 GB/s total) against the significantly lower latency of DDR4 DRAM (~50-80ns), highlighting that PCIe's much higher latency (~500-1000ns) makes it unsuitable for direct CPU memory access. The discussion proposes radical solutions to this bottleneck, such as a unified memory-storage substrate using advanced technologies like Compute Express Link (CXL) to reduce the latency gap between cache and storage, potentially eliminating the need for traditional volatile system RAM entirely. Ultimately, the text explores emerging alternatives to the traditional architecture, including Processing-in-Memory (PIM) and neuromorphic computing, necessary for high-demand tasks like AI/ML.