A stone in each ureter. скачать в хорошем качестве

A stone in each ureter.

This video shows A stone in each ureter. Hydronephrosis is defined as distention of the renal calyces and pelvis with urine as a result of obstruction of the outflow of urine distal to the renal pelvis. Hydroureter is defined as a dilation of the ureter. The presence of hydronephrosis or hydroureter can be physiologic or pathologic. Hydronephrosis can either be acute or chronic. In acute hydronephrosis full recovery of kidney function is seen. However, with chronic hydronephrosis, permanent loss of kidney function is seen even once obstruction is removed. Hydronephrosis is not a disease, but it can be caused by a number of conditions which affect the kidney and the urinary tract. If left untreated, the pressure of the built-up urine which normally flows easily through the urinary tract may cause pain, swelling and permanent damage to the kidneys. Hydronephrosis is usually caused by a blockage in the urinary tract or something disrupting the normal workings of the urinary tract. The urinary tract is made up of the kidneys, the bladder, the ureters (the tubes that run from the kidney to the bladder) and the urethra (the tube that carries urine out of the body). Symptoms of a blocked ureter or urinary tract obstruction include: Pain in your abdomen, lower back or sides below your ribs (flank pain). Fever, nausea or vomiting. Difficulty urinating or emptying your bladder. Hydroureter refers to dilation of the ureter(s) and is most often caused by obstruction of urine outflow due to blockage of the ureter(s) by calculi, chronic inflammation, luminal or intramural neoplasia, or accidental ligation during surgery. Hydronephrosis is a condition that typically occurs when a kidney swells due to urine failing to properly drain from the kidney to the bladder. This swelling most commonly affects only one kidney, but it can involve both kidneys. Hydronephrosis isn't a primary disease. Most people with hydronephrosis will have a procedure called catheterization to drain the urine from their kidneys. Depending on the underlying cause, medication or surgery may be needed afterward to correct the problem. Hydronephrosis is a true emergency in patients with only one kidney and should the person believe that the lone kidney is at risk, urgent medical care should be accessed. Typically, your doctor will describe your child's hydronephrosis as mild, moderate or severe. Sometimes hydronephrosis is given a grade of 1, 2, 3 or 4, with 1 representing very minimal dilation and 4 representing severe dilation. Hydronephrosis may be present in one kidney (unilateral) or both kidneys (bilateral). Hydronephrosis is usually treated by addressing the underlying disease or cause, such as a kidney stone or infection. Some cases can be resolved without surgery. Infections can be treated with antibiotics. A kidney stone can pass through by itself or might be severe enough to require removal with surgery. Around 80% of kidney stones that are smaller than 4 millimeters (mm) will pass on their own in about 31 days. Approximately 60% of kidney stones that are 4–6 mm will pass on their own in about 45 days. Around 20% of kidney stones that are larger than 6 mm will pass on their own in about 12 months.