Why Carnegie's 1870s Bessemer Steel Built Bridges Still Stand While Modern Steel Corrodes in Decades скачать в хорошем качестве

Why Carnegie's 1870s Bessemer Steel Built Bridges Still Stand While Modern Steel Corrodes in Decades

Why Carnegie's 1870s Bessemer Steel Built Bridges Still Standing While Modern Steel Corrodes in Decades Andrew Carnegie adopted the Bessemer process that allowed steel to be made from iron more efficiently and quickly, lowering costs and expanding the market. He controlled every stage from raw materials to finished products through vertical integration. His steel was used in the Eads Bridge across the Mississippi River at St. Louis, Missouri, proving its durability. The old method: Carnegie personally controlled iron mines, steel mills, and railroads—quality checked at every single stage. Modern method: Outsourced Chinese steel, no quality control, designed to meet minimum code. The Eads Bridge opened in 1874 and still carries traffic 151 years later.