Anatomy of Paranasal Air Sinuses.....Types,Location, Development,Importance, Clinical correlation👃👀🍃 скачать в хорошем качестве

Anatomy of Paranasal Air Sinuses.....Types,Location, Development,Importance, Clinical correlation👃👀🍃

🫁 Anatomy of Paranasal Air Sinuses Paranasal air sinuses are air-filled cavities located within the bones of the skull, surrounding the nasal cavity. They play essential roles in respiratory function and overall craniofacial anatomy. There are four main types of paranasal sinuses, each named after the bone in which they are located: **maxillary**, **frontal**, **sphenoid**, and **ethmoid**. 🗺️ Types and Locations 1. *Maxillary Sinuses* **Location**: 🦷 Situated laterally and inferiorly to the nasal cavity, within the maxilla. **Characteristics**: The largest of the paranasal sinuses, they have a pyramidal shape and open into the middle meatus of the nasal cavity via the semilunar hiatus. 2. *Frontal Sinuses* **Location**: 👁 Found within the frontal bone, superior to the eyes. **Characteristics**: Triangular in shape, they drain through the frontonasal duct into the middle meatus. 3. *Sphenoid Sinuses* **Location**: 💀 Located within the body of the sphenoid bone, deep in the skull. **Characteristics**: They open into the spheno-ethmoidal recess, situated posteriorly to the superior concha. 4. *Ethmoid Sinuses* **Location**: 👃 Nestled between the nose and eyes within the ethmoid bone. **Characteristics**: Composed of multiple air cells (anterior, middle, and posterior), they drain into various regions of the nasal cavity. 🧠 Development The paranasal sinuses develop from the nasal cavity during infancy and childhood. The maxillary and ethmoid sinuses are present at birth but are quite small. The frontal and sphenoid sinuses begin to form around age two but are not identifiable on radiographs until around age six or seven. All sinuses enlarge significantly during puberty due to hormonal changes. 🌬️ Importance The paranasal sinuses serve several vital functions: **Humidification**: 💧 They help humidify inhaled air, which is crucial for protecting respiratory tissues. **Immune Defense**: 🦠 Lined with mucosal membranes that contain immune cells, they contribute to defending against pathogens. **Weight Reduction**: 🏋️‍♂️ The air-filled nature of these cavities reduces overall skull weight without compromising strength. **Voice Resonance**: 🎤 They enhance voice resonance by acting as resonating chambers. ⚕️ Clinical Correlation Paranasal sinuses are prone to various clinical conditions, primarily due to their connection with the nasal cavity: **Sinusitis**: 😷 Inflammation or infection of one or more sinuses can lead to sinusitis, characterized by pain, pressure, and congestion. Maxillary sinusitis can also cause referred pain in teeth due to shared nerve pathways. **Surgical Access**: 🧑‍⚕️ The sphenoid sinus is particularly significant in neurosurgery; it provides access to the pituitary gland through endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETSS) for treating pituitary tumors. **Tumors**: 🎭 Although rare, malignancies can occur in these sinuses, with maxillary sinus cancer being more common. Symptoms may include facial swelling and persistent pain. Understanding the anatomy and function of paranasal sinuses is crucial for diagnosing and treating related health issues effectively. Citations: [1] https://teachmeanatomy.info/head/orga... [2] https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/ana... [3] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB... [4] https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health... [5] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB...