History And Generation Of Computer (Hindi) | All Competition Exams CGL,UP-SI by PUNEET MISRA SIR скачать в хорошем качестве

History And Generation Of Computer (Hindi) | All Competition Exams CGL,UP-SI by PUNEET MISRA SIR

Computer generations track technological leaps, from 1st generation (1940s-50s) using vacuum tubes and room-sized machines, to 2nd (1950s-60s) with smaller, faster transistors, 3rd (1960s-70s) featuring efficient integrated circuits (ICs), 4th (1970s-present) with powerful microprocessors leading to personal computers, and the 5th (present & beyond) focusing on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and advanced computing like quantum technology. 1st Generation (1940s-1950s): The Era of Vacuum Tubes Technology: Vacuum tubes for circuitry and memory storage. Characteristics: Large, slow, high power consumption, and produced excessive heat. Programming: Used machine language, making programming difficult. Examples: ENIAC, UNIVAC I. 2nd Generation (1950s-1960s): The Arrival of Transistors Technology: Transistors replaced bulky vacuum tubes. Characteristics: Smaller, faster, more reliable, and consumed less power. Programming: Assembly languages and high-level languages like FORTRAN were developed. Examples: IBM 7090, CDC 1604. 3rd Generation (1960s-1970s): Integrated Circuits Technology: Integrated circuits (ICs), which put multiple transistors onto a single chip. Characteristics: Further reduction in size and power, increased speed, and improved efficiency. Programming: High-level languages were widely adopted. Examples: IBM System/360. 4th Generation (1970s-Present): The Microprocessor Revolution Technology: Microprocessors, integrating thousands of ICs on a single chip. Characteristics: Led to the development of personal computers (PCs), enabling portability and increased affordability. Programming: Introduction of Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) for easier accessibility. Key Developments: Internet, networking, and multimedia. 5th Generation (Present and Beyond): The Age of AI Focus: Artificial Intelligence (AI), machine learning, and natural language processing. Key Developments: Quantum computing, nanotechnology, and advancements in robotics.