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Basic Nmap Tutorial

Nmap (Network Mapper) is a free, open-source tool used for network discovery and security auditing. It offers various features such as host discovery, port scanning, service version detection, and operating system identification. Host discovery helps identify devices on a network, including active hosts and open ports. Port scanning determines which ports are open on a host, which can help identify running services and potential vulnerabilities. Additionally, Nmap can detect the versions of services running on open ports and identify the operating system and other characteristics of devices on a network. The Nmap Scripting Engine (NSE) allows for the creation of custom scripts to perform tasks like vulnerability detection and malware discovery. Some basic Nmap commands include scanning a single host with `nmap host`, scanning a range of IPs with `nmap range`, and scanning an entire subnet with `nmap subnet`. A ping scan can be performed using `nmap -sn target`, and specific ports can be scanned with `nmap -p port-range target`. To detect service versions, use `nmap -sV target`, and for OS detection, use `nmap -O target`. For example, to scan a single IP address, you would use `nmap 192.168.1.1`, or to scan an entire subnet, you would use `nmap 192.168.1.0/24`. Nmap is widely used by network administrators, security professionals, and penetration testers to understand and secure their networks.