【UGM-27北極星導彈】美軍第一種潛射導彈，世界彈道導彈的里程碑，竟然是撿了德國人的漏 скачать в хорошем качестве

【UGM-27北極星導彈】美軍第一種潛射導彈，世界彈道導彈的里程碑，竟然是撿了德國人的漏

UGM-27北極星導彈（UGM-27 Polaris）是洛克希德公司為美國海軍在冷戰期間建造的一種兩段式固態燃料潛射彈道導彈，用於替換SSM-N-8天獅星型巡航導彈作為美國海軍新一代的艦隊彈道導彈（Fleet Ballistic Missile, FBM）。北極星是在1960年1月7日於佛羅里達卡納維爾角（Cape Canaveral, FL）進行首次試射。英國在1963年簽下北極星訂購合約後，該彈從1968年到1990年代中期也曾配屬在英國皇家海軍旗下的潛艇上。 除了英美之外，意大利本也有意購買北極星，還在加里波第號輕巡洋艦（Giuseppe Garibaldi）上進行了試射。但是儘管試驗成功，美國卻出於政治考慮未提供該彈。意大利於是自行發展了阿爾法型導彈，卻由於簽署了核不擴散條約而未實際裝備。 北極星的後續型是1972年開始發展的波塞冬導彈（UGM-73 Poseidon）。波塞冬在1980年代陸續於十艘新造的美國海軍彈道潛艇上服役數年之後，又被更後繼的三叉戟I型導彈取代。 在北極星的發展過程中採用了一些新的系統評估手段，包括項目評估與回顧技術PERT。它取代了過時的甘特圖表評估法。 The UGM-27 Polaris (UGM-27 Polaris) is a two-stage solid-fuel submarine-launched ballistic missile built by Lockheed for the U.S. Navy during the Cold War to replace the SSM-N-8 Tianshi cruise missile as a The U.S. Navy's new generation of fleet ballistic missiles (Fleet Ballistic Missile, FBM). The Polaris was first tested on January 7, 1960, from Cape Canaveral, FL. The bomb was also attached to Royal Navy submarines from 1968 to the mid-1990s, after the United Kingdom signed the Polaris order in 1963. In addition to the United Kingdom and the United States, Italy was also interested in purchasing Polaris, and also conducted test firing on the light cruiser Giuseppe Garibaldi. But despite the success of the test, the United States did not provide the bomb for political reasons. Italy then developed the Alpha missile on its own, but it was not actually equipped due to the signing of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. The follow-up to the Polaris is the Poseidon missile (UGM-73 Poseidon), which was developed in 1972. The Poseidon was replaced by a successor, the Trident I missile, after several years of service on ten new US Navy ballistic submarines in the 1980s. During the development of Polaris, a number of new systematic evaluation methods have been adopted, including the project evaluation and review technology PERT. It replaces the outdated Gantt chart evaluation method.