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Retrocaval ureter, also known as circumcaval ureter, is a rare congenital anomaly where the ureter takes an abnormal course, looping around the inferior vena cava (IVC). This condition results from an embryological defect in the development of the IVC, specifically the persistence of the right subcardinal vein. Key Features: Clinical Presentation: Many patients are asymptomatic, but symptoms can include right-sided flank pain, recurrent urinary tract infections, or hydronephrosis due to ureteral obstruction. Imaging Findings: Diagnostic imaging, such as CT scans or intravenous urography, often reveals a characteristic "fishhook" or "S-shaped" deformity of the ureter. Types: Type 1: Associated with moderate to severe hydronephrosis and extreme medial deviation of the ureter. Type 2: Less medial deviation and mild or no hydronephrosis. Treatment: Surgical intervention may be required in symptomatic cases. The ureter is relocated anterior to the IVC to restore normal function and prevent complications like kidney damage. Minimally invasive techniques, such as laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy, are increasingly preferred #Ureter