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Havdalah

Havdalah (Hebrew: הַבְדָּלָה, meaning 'separation') is a Jewish religious ceremony that marks the symbolic end of Shabbat and holidays, and ushers in the new week. Shabbat ends on Saturday night after the appearance of three stars in the sky. Some communities delay the Havdalah in order to prolong Shabbat. The central blessing of the Havdalah is the following paragraph, of which there are variants : "Blessed art thou, God, our Lord, King of the Universe Who distinguishes Holiness from profanity, Light from dark, Israel from the nations, The seventh day from the six workdays. Blessed art thou, God, Who distinguishes holiness from profanity." The text of the Havdalah service exists in two main forms, Ashkenazic and Sephardic. The introductory verses in the Ashkenazic version (beginning הנה אל, Hinei El) are taken from the biblical books of Isaiah, Psalms and Esther. In the Sephardic liturgy, the introduction begins with the words ראשון לציון, Rishon L'tsion and consists of biblical verses describing God giving light and success interspersed with later liturgical prose. The four blessings over the wine, spices candle and praising God for separation between holy and profane are virtually identical between the traditions. In Reconstructionist Judaism the phrase ביו ישראל לעמים, bein Yisrael l'amim 'between Israel and the nations' is omitted, as part of founder Mordechai Kaplan's rejection of the idea of chosenness. Popular tunes for the introductory paragraph of Havdalah ('Hinei El Y'shuati') in the Ashkenazic rite are The Rose (song) by Bette Midler and melodies by Shlomo Carlebach and Neshama Carlebach. The Blessings themselves are often sung to a tune made popular by contemporary Jewish artist/composer Debbie Friedman. Most chassidim and those following the Sefard prayer rite recite the Yiddish prayer Gott fun Avrohom. The introduction to the Sefardic version is slightly different. See List of Jewish prayers and blessings: Havdalah.