Скачать с ютуб MAD HONEY Toxin Synthesis (Educational): Science & Chemistry of Grayanotoxin & Kalmanol в хорошем качестве

MAD HONEY Toxin Synthesis (Educational): Science & Chemistry of Grayanotoxin & Kalmanol

🐝 Mad honey is a natural but neurotoxic substance created when bees happen to collect nectar from certain poisonous plants. From ancient military mishaps to cutting-edge drug development, we connect history, biology, and chemistry in this educational video. The second part explains the total synthesis of kalmanol (a rare cousin of grayanotoxin, the primary toxin in mad honey) which is more geared towards chemistry students and synthesis nerds. Thank you for your interest! https://total-synthesis.com/organic-c... 🧑‍🎓➡️ Free organic chemistry practice problems   / totalsynthesis   🚀 Thanks to all channel supporters!!!   / totalsynthesis_official   👉 Follow me on Instagram for updates on random research, mechanism quizzes and interesting news! 00:00 Mad money, a toxic hallucinogenic cure-all? 00:47 Kalmanol’s isolation and relationship to grayanotoxin 01:55 History of mad honey (Xenophon, Pompey) 03:39 Why is mad honey toxic? Voltage-gated sodium ion channels 05:45 Grayanotoxin’s and tetrodotoxin’s effect on the heart 07:09 Chemical synthesis of toxins: Reasons for and against it 10:14 Clinical progress in NaV1.8 inhibition (suzetrigine against pain) 12:22 Thanks for watching! 12:35 Chemistry theory vs. practice 14:13 Retrosynthesis of kalmanol 15:27 Synthesis of the fragments and Grignard reaction 20:12 Practice problems (total-synthesis.com) 22:21 Olefin functionalization and completion 24:24 Synthesis of grayanotoxin, saxitoxin and wrap-up Key references: Mad Honey and the Poisoner King: A Case of Mass Grayanotoxin Poisoning in the Roman Military | Cureus 2023, 15, e38289 Kalmanol, a pharmacologically active diterpenoid with a new ring skeleton from Kalmia angustifolia L | J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 5831 Grayanotoxin (Mad Honey) - Ongoing Consumption After Poisoning | Balkan Medical Journal 2013, 30, 293 Interactions of Sea Anemone Toxins with Insect Sodium Channel—Insights from Electrophysiology and Molecular Docking Studies | Molecules 2021, 26, 1302 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels: Structure, Function, Pharmacology, and Clinical Indications | J. Med. Chem. 2015, 58, 7093 The effects of grayanotoxin I and alpha-dihydrograyanotoxin II on guinea-pig myocardium | Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1977, 200, 363 Convergent Total Synthesis of Kalmanol | Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2024, e202420507 Enantioselective Total Syntheses of Grayanane Diterpenoids and (+)-Kalmanol: Evolution of the Bridgehead Carbocation-Based Cyclization and Late-Stage Functional Group Manipulation Strategies | J. Org. Chem. 2023, 88, 6017 Neurotoxins and their binding areas on voltage-gated sodium channels | Front. Pharmacol. 2011, 2, 71 Some recommended books on organic synthesis: Clayden, Greeves, Warren; Organic Chemistry (basic organic chemistry knowledge) Wyatt, Warren; Organic Synthesis: The Disconnection Approach (excellent introduction to retrosynthesis) Kurti, Czako; Strategic Applications of Named Reactions in Organic Synthesis (extensive toolkit of functional group reactions and applications thereof with common conditions) Nicolaou; Classics in Total Synthesis 1-3 (the ultimate total synthesis trilogy) Nicolaou; Molecules That Changed the World (the world's most important molecules and their impact on everyday life) Carreira, Kvaerno; Classics in Stereoselective Synthesis (compilation of the groundbreaking methods of stereoselective synthesis and application to synthesis of stereochemically complex structures)