The Endocannabinoid System Explained (Purves' Neuroscience, 6/e, Ch. 6 XIII) скачать в хорошем качестве

The Endocannabinoid System Explained (Purves' Neuroscience, 6/e, Ch. 6 XIII)

This micro-lecture provides an overview of the endocannabinoid system as described in Purves’ Neuroscience, 6/e Textbook (Ch 6). I. Endocannabinoid (ECB) Overview Natural messengers (e.g., made in the body). Endo (endogenous; made in the body) + Cannabinoid (cannabis-like). Discovered by scientists studying how THC & cannabis work in the brain. Lipid‑based messengers. Diffuse across membranes. Retrograde neurotransmission (postsynaptic to presynaptic cells). Two Key Endocannabinois: Anandamide & 2‑AG (2‑arachidonoylglycerol). Two Key ECB Receptors: CB1 & CB2. II. Endocannabinoid's CB1 Receptor Most common in central nervous system (CNS) (CB2 more peripheral). Inhibitory G-protein-coupled receptor (reduces neurotransmittion). Located on inhibitory GABAergic cells. (CB1 activation is disinhibitory: inhibits inhibition). In brain regions linked to perception, motor control, memory, reward. (E.g., hippocampus, cerabellum, ventral stiratum, hypothalamus). Targets of THC (the psychoactive compound in cannabis). III. What Makes ECBs “Unconventional”? (1) Not stored in synaptic vesicles (synthesized on-demand when needed) (2) Not released from presynaptic terminals via exocytosis. Released by diffusion upon synthesis. (3) Produced "on demand" (on-demand synthesis controls release). (4) Retrograde signaling (traveel from post- to presynaptic neurons). (5) Release DOES still depends on Calcium (Ca²⁺) signaling. Synthesis & release are triggered by postsynaptic Ca²⁺ rises. Activity in the POSTsynaptic neuron initiates production. These properties allow ECBs to modulate neural circuits in ways traditional neurotransmitters cannot (e.g., negative feedback disinhibition). SEE COMMENTS FROM Dr. Bray ("NOURISHED") FOR DETAILS ON (A) Anadamide & 2-AG Synthesis. (B) Step-by-step process of endocannabinoids' retrograde signaling process. IV. Why These Signals Matter Atypical neurotransmitters help regulate: Synaptic plasticity. Short‑term modulation of inhibition. Coordination of local neural networks. Memory‑related signaling in the hippocampus. Behavioral effects of cannabis. Their discovery has reshaped our understanding of neurotransmission (and how neurons communicate beyond the traditional synapse). V. Cannabis, THC, & the Brain THC mimics endogenous cannabinoids by binding to CB1 receptors. This produces effects consistent with their distribution. Contributes to: Perception changes (in the neocortex). Motor effects (in the basal ganglia & cerebellum). Short‑term memory disruption (in the hippocampus). Increased appetite (in the hypothalamus). THC & Cannabis CAN BE ADDICTIVE The CB1 receptor facilitates synaptic plasticity (learning). THC, Cannabis act on the CB1 recptor; hijack plasticity (& learning). This CAN result in hyper-reinforced beahviors (e.g., "addiction"). Understanding how cannabis & THC work has helped scientists discover the brain’s own cannabinoid system. #cannabiseducation #endocannabinoidsystem #endocannabinoids #THCscience #psychedelicscience #psychedelicresearch #neuroscience #neurobiology #mentalhealthresearch #neuroplasticity #mentalhealthscience #anadamide #2AG #cannabiscommunity #cbdoil #cbdoilproducts #hemphealing ‪@BrennaBrayPhD‬ ‪@NIHgov‬ ‪@NIHVideoCast‬ ‪@NIDANIH‬ ‪@BBRFoundation‬ ‪@nunmedu‬ ‪@naropauniversity‬ ‪@naropaallianceforpsychedel7015‬ ‪@novapbs‬ ‪@Neuroscience‬ ‪@neurochallenged‬ ‪@instituteofcannabisresearc3036‬ ‪@cannabisresearcha-z6171‬ ‪@cannabisscience‬ ‪@AcademyofCannabisScience‬ ‪@endocannabinologyfoundatio8213‬ ‪@endocannabinoidpharmacolog7296‬ ‪@MarijuanaResearch‬ ‪@MarijuanaResearch‬ ‪@cbdscience4146‬ ‪@cbdoilwithkate7041‬ ‪@cbdherbalcannabisoil6555‬ ‪@Psych‬ ‪@PortlandPsychedelicSociety‬ ‪@Psychopharmacologyinstitute‬ ‪@psychedelicsupport‬ ‪@PsychedelicSpotlight‬ ‪@psykedeliskvetenskap‬ ‪@PsychedelicsCom‬ ‪@PsychedelicsToday‬ ‪@ThePsychedelicScientist‬ ‪@OxfordPsychedelicSociety‬ ‪@yalepsychedelicsciencegrou9534‬ ‪@YalePsychiatry‬ ‪@TheOxfordPsych‬ ‪@Psychology-OxfordUniversity‬ ‪@PsychedelicCentral‬ ‪@mghcenterfortheneuroscienc28‬ ‪@UCBCSP‬ ‪@stanfordpsychedelicscience12‬ ‪@stanfordpsychiatryandbehav9531‬ ‪@PracticalPsychologyTips‬ ‪@PsychiatryClinic‬ ‪@TheAPAVideo‬ ‪@AmericanPsychiatricAssociation‬ ‪@americanmedicalassociation‬ ‪@apmcpro‬