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There are not one, but TWO rings in the LHC tunnel. You may be familiar with the ring of magnets that steers our protons around our circular collider. But there is also a thinner, less famous ring in the tunnel. It keeps our superconducting magnets cool by extracting heat away from them, using a phenomenon known as a phase transition. This #TeachingTuesday, we continue our Adventures at low temperatures miniseries, by exploring the transitions between different phases of matter, and how they can help us draw heat away from the LHC. As part of the education portfolio of #CERNScienceGateway, the #CERNSolvayEducation programme was launched by CERN jointly with @SolvayGroup for the #STEMeducation of high-schoolers. It is designed for teenagers who want to go beyond high-school physics and get an introduction to CERN #physics and #technology. In each video, you can test your understanding by answering quiz questions. If you are at least 16 years old, you can enrol for free in the online CERN-Solvay Education Programme towards obtaining a digital certificate, which will allow you to apply for a CERN-Solvay residential student camp. Find here the interactive version of this video: https://cern.ch/transitions Enrol for free in the online course of the CERN-Solvay Education Programme: https://cern.ch/solvay-course Find here all the videos of the CERN-Solvay Education Programme: • CERN-Solvay Education Programme ____________________________________________________ Chapters 0:00-1:49 Introduction 1:49-10:24 Phase transitions 10:24-16:54 Metastable states 16:54-26:00 Latent heat 26:00-30:47 Continuous phase transitions ____________________________________________________ External works referenced in this video: Scanning for particle tracks in 1970 – https://videos.cern.ch/record/2299808 Physicist Studying Alpha Rays – https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... Saclay 81 cm liquid hydrogen bubble chamber – https://cds.cern.ch/record/2743071 ____________________________________________________ Sources and materials to go further: HyperPhysics: Phase Change Concepts – http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/... Giorgio Parisi, In a Flight of Starlings: The Wonders of Complex Systems – https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/bo... Vsauce, Cooling down water by BOILING it – • Cooling down water by BOILING it The Physics Hypertextbook: Phases – https://physics.info/phases/ Jean-Michel Courty, Édouard Kierlik: Les chauferettes chimiques – https://www.pourlascience.fr/sd/physi... Philippe Lebrun, Laurent Tavian: Cooling with Superfluid Helium – https://cds.cern.ch/record/1974065 Philippe Lebrun, Laurent Tavian: Quantum fluids at work: Superconductivity and superfluid helium at the large hadron collider – https://doi.org/10.1051/epn/2022108 Germana Riddone, Ralf Trant: The Compound Cryogenic Distribution Line for the LHC : Status and Prospects – https://cds.cern.ch/record/593686 The Action Lab, What Happens When a Liquid Turns Supercritical? – • What Happens When a Liquid Turns Supe...