الرد على هي.ث.م طل.عت عراب الش.ت.افة | الجزء الثاني | علم التطور скачать в хорошем качестве

الرد على هي.ث.م طل.عت عراب الش.ت.افة | الجزء الثاني | علم التطور

Sources for the the Episode: 1. On the evolution of whales from land mammals Full online book on the evolution of cetaceans published by the University of Michigan https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstr... Papers on the evolution of cetaceans (whales): Bianucci, G. and P. D. Gingerich. 2011. Aegyptocetus tarfa n. gen. et sp. (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the middle Eocene of Egypt: clinorhynchy, olfaction, and hearing in a protocetid whale . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 31: 1173-1188. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/1... Gingerich, P. D. 2012. Evolution of whales from land to sea. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 156: 309-323. https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/... Gingerich, P. D. 2015. Evolution of whales from land to sea: fossils and a synthesis. In K. P. Dial, N. H. Shubin, and E. Brainerd (eds.), Great Transformations: Essays in Honor of Farish A. Jenkins, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, p. 239-256. Online Peri, E., P. D. Gingerich, G. Aringhieri, and G. Bianucci. 2019. Reduction of olfactory and respiratory turbinates in the transition of whales from land to sea: the semiaquatic middle Eocene Aegyptocetus tarfa. Journal of Anatomy, 236: 98-104. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/1... Gingerich, P. D., M. S. M. Antar, and I. S. Zalmout. 2019. Aegicetus gehennae, a new late Eocene protocetid (Cetacea, Archaeoceti) from Wadi Al Hitan, Egypt, and the transition to tail-powered swimming in whales. PLoS One, 14: e0225391 (1-55). https://journals.plos.org/plosone/art... 2. Karl Popper and evolution What did Karl Popper really say about evolution? https://ncse.ngo/what-did-karl-popper... 3. Mutation bias and randomness Mutation bias and the predictability of evolution https://royalsocietypublishing.org/do... Evolutionary Protection of essential genes by GC mutational bias https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34079... Evolution of essential genes    • Do "Essential Genes" debunk evolution...   Comments on the Nature paper 2022 (Arabidopsis Thaliana)    • What to make of non-random mutation i...   Codon bias confers stability to human mRNAs. EMBO Rep. (2019) 20:e48220. 10.15252/embr.201948220 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31482... Evidence That Mutation Is Universally Biased towards AT in Bacteria https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti... Evidence for widespread GC-biased gene conversion in eukaryotes. Genome Biol Evol. (2012) 4:675–82. 10.1093/gbe/evs052 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22628461 Transition vs Transversion mutations    • Transversion vs Transition Mutations   Lecture and course from Yale University on Evolution    • Evolution and Medicine (2015) with St...   4. Marsupials Tracking Marsupial Evolution Using Archaic Genomic Retroposon Insertions https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology... Origin and Evolution of Marsupials - The University of Edinburgh Main: http://www.nhc.ed.ac.uk/index.php?pag... Anatomical differences to eutherian mammals: http://www.nhc.ed.ac.uk/index.php?pag...