Manuel Torres: Tiwanaku and Wari: Psychoactive plants and politics in the Central Andes скачать в хорошем качестве

Manuel Torres: Tiwanaku and Wari: Psychoactive plants and politics in the Central Andes

Journey through the fascinating archaeology and history of pre-Columbian Andean civilizations, exploring the fascinating role of chicha and psychedelic snuffs in their cultures. Support the McKenna Academy: https://mckenna.academy/donate SOCIAL MEDIA & & WEBSITE: Twitter:   / mckennaacademy   Instagram:   / mckenna.academy   Facebook:   / mckenna.academy   Website: https://mckenna.academy Timestamps: 00:00 - Introduction to Pre-Columbian History 03:07 - Contrasting Wari and Tiwanaku 05:00 - Chronology of Andean Cultures 06:17 - Rise of Wari and Tiwanaku 07:31 - Climate Change and Societal Collapse 08:22 - Expansion of the Inca Empire 09:39 - Snuffing in Tiwanaku and Chicha Drinking in Wari 11:44 - Textiles in Tiwanaku and Wari 12:52 - Textiles as the Main Art Form in the Andes 14:37 - Shared Iconography of Wari and Tiwanaku 16:07 - Narrative Iconography in the Andes 19:39 - Geometric Art in Wari 19:54 - Chicha and Feasting in Wari Culture 21:19 - Reciprocity and Social Obligations 22:30 - Chicha Ingredients and Regional Variations 23:05 - Anadenanthera Seeds in Chicha and Ayahuasca Origins 24:13 - Modern Ayahuasca and its Recent Origins 25:03 - Anadenanthera Species and Their Geographical Distribution 27:13 - Archaeological Findings in San Pedro de Atacama 28:15 - Snuffing Kit Discovery and Analysis 30:01 - Anadenanthera Seeds and Their Potency 33:22 - The Dangers of High-Dose Bufotenine 34:25 - Typical Snuffing Kits and Their Contents 36:44 - Tiwanaku Site and Architecture 38:36 - The Tiwanaku Brewery 40:19 - Reconstruction of Tiwanaku 40:25 - The Ponce Stela 43:51 - Wari Architecture and Construction 44:57 - Comparison of Wari and Tiwanaku Textiles 50:07 - Cerro Baúl and its Significance 51:17 - Offerings and Rituals at Cerro Baúl 53:11 - Imperial Chicha in Wari Culture 54:01 - Comparison of Chicha and Snuffing in Terms of Social Impact 54:57 - The Spread of Snuffing and its Ideological Impact 57:17 - The Risks of Alcoholic Ayahuasca 58:07 - Publications and Resources for Further Research "Tiwanaku and Wari: Psychoactive plants and politics in the Central Andes 300-900 AD." - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ESPD55 / ARCHAEOSPHERE Ancient psychoactive plant use in ethnobotanical archaeology - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Speaker: Professor. Constantino Manuel Torres, PhD Professor. of art history at Florida International University in Miami Author - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Presented on May 24th 2022 Hosted at St. Giles House, UK - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Abstract:The presence of objects associated with the Tiwanaku (Tiahuanaco) and Wari (Huari) cultures define the Middle Horizon (ca. 300-900 AD) period of Andean history. These two pre-Inca cultures of the Central Andes shared an iconographic system, and the extensive use of diverse psychoactive plants, Anadenanthera (vilca, yopo, cebil), tobacco, coca. The enactment of their respective politics, however, differs greatly. Wari expansion is one of colonialist control. In the Wari area there is clear evidence of colonial outposts with the presence of emissaries whose burials mostly consisted of Wari implements, including elaborately decorated textiles, ceramics, and metal objects. Tiwanaku expansion was of a different nature. There is no evidence of colonial envoys, or military enforcement of ideologies. In the oasis of San Pedro de Atacama, Tiwanaku mixes with local expressions, as well as with objects from NW Argentina and southern Bolivia, revealing anarchic forms of organizations. In comparison, Tiwanaku is less hierarchical and less prone to central control than Wari. The differences and similarities between these two cultures provide the opportunity to observe the impact of psychoactive agents in their respective political contexts. Both use the seeds of Anadenanthera colubrina, rich in bufotenine, as part of their visionary preparations. Tiwanaku favors snuffing and smoking, while Wari favors chicha (beer) de molle (Schinus molle) with the addition of Anadenanthera seeds. They conducted large feasts with serious drinking during which hundreds of litters of chicha with vilca were consumed. There is scant evidence for smoking or snuffing. In the Tiwanaku area of the South Central Andes there is a preference for snuffing and smoking, this is supported by extensive archeological evidence. In the Andes, snuffing paraphernalia is portable and intimate, not likely used in large collective activities. How does the practice of drinking, smoking, and snuffing determine societal configurations? Could the narrative structure of the visionary event correspond to cultural and individual organizational patterns? #MckennaAcademy #espd55 #ManuelTorres #Tiwanaku