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Silicon is an element, a pure base material, it forms the basis of integrated circuits and microchips. In nature silicon is found bonded with oxygen, in the form of silica. Silica can be glass or crystalline quartz or sand. This material is abundant. Purification and processing can yield pure silicon, then sliced into wafers it is used as the substrate of integrated circuits. Pure silicon is a semiconductor; a semiconductor is not as electrically conductive as a metal but is not an insulator like glass. With the addition of trace ions (charged elements) or dopants , negative charges ( electrons) and positive charges (missing electrons, with a positive charge, called holes) can travel through the silicon, making it a conductor. This technology allows transistors or logic gates to be integrated on a silicon chip. Those microchips are the basis for the operation of computers. If the silicon is combined with oxygen and two methyl groups (CH3) in a repeating long chain structure, silicone is formed. This polymer or long chain molecule is made of base units , “mers” combined to form long chains that are like sticky spaghetti. In order for these chains to stay together in a fixed shape, an addition of a vulcanizer is added to cross link the polymer chains. Silicone rubber is cross linked for stability. It is flexible but maintains its shape and can be frozen or heated and still have this flexibility. Silicone is found in pot holders , ice cube trays, and o-ring seals. It is non reactive and chemical resistant. Silicon is the key element in all of these materials. #silicon #silica #silicone