Polycythemia Vera | Hematology Medicine V-Learning скачать в хорошем качестве

Polycythemia Vera | Hematology Medicine V-Learning

This Polycythemia Vera Hematology video lecture provides a comprehensive overview of the disease, including its pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, complications, and treatment. ▬ 📌 Polycythemia Vera Polycythemia Vera (PV) is a rare type of blood cancer in which the bone marrow produces too many red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It is caused by a mutation in the JAK2 gene, which leads to the overproduction of blood cells. ▬ 📌 Pathophysiology of Polycythemia Vera PV is characterized by the proliferation of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets due to the JAK2 gene mutation. This leads to an increase in blood viscosity, which can cause blood clots and other complications. The pathophysiology of PV involves increased erythropoietin (EPO) levels, which stimulate the production of red blood cells. The increase in red blood cells leads to hyperviscosity of the blood, which can lead to complications such as thrombosis and hemorrhage. ▬ 📌 Clinical Features of Polycythemia Vera The clinical features of PV include headaches, dizziness, fatigue, blurred vision, itching, and pain in the abdomen, joints, and bones. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, enlarged spleen, and a reddish or purplish color to the skin. ▬ 📌 Complications of Polycythemia Vera Complications of PV include thrombosis, hemorrhage, heart attack, stroke, and leukemia. Blood clots can form in the arteries and veins, leading to a higher risk of heart attack and stroke. Hemorrhage can occur due to the increased blood viscosity, which can cause bleeding from the nose, gums, and other areas. ▬ 📌 Diagnostic Evaluation of Polycythemia Vera The differential diagnosis of Polycythemia Vera (PV) includes other conditions that can cause an increase in red blood cell count, such as: 👉 Secondary polycythemia This condition occurs due to an increase in erythropoietin (EPO) production in response to chronic hypoxia, such as in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or high altitude living. 👉 Relative erythrocytosis This is caused by a decrease in plasma volume, leading to a relative increase in red blood cells. This can occur in conditions such as dehydration, burns, and diuretic use. 👉 Congenital erythrocytosis This is a rare genetic disorder in which the body produces too many red blood cells due to mutations in genes such as EPOR, VHL, or EGLN1. 👉 Hemoglobinopathies These are genetic disorders in which abnormal hemoglobin is produced, such as sickle cell disease or thalassemia. These conditions can lead to an increase in red blood cells as the body tries to compensate for the decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of the abnormal hemoglobin. 👉 Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) These are a group of bone marrow disorders that cause abnormal blood cell production, including red blood cells. MDS can lead to a decrease in red blood cells, but in some cases, it can also cause an increase. 👉 Essential thrombocythemia (ET) This is a rare blood disorder in which the bone marrow produces too many platelets. ET shares some features with PV, including the JAK2 mutation, but ET does not involve an increase in red blood cells to the same extent as PV. ▬ 📌 Treatment of Polycythemia Vera The treatment of PV includes phlebotomy, which involves the removal of blood to decrease the red cell mass, and the use of medications such as hydroxyurea and interferon to control the production of blood cells. Other treatments may include aspirin to reduce the risk of blood clots and bone marrow transplantation in severe cases. 👉 Importance of Red Cell Mass Control Red cell mass control is important in the treatment of PV to prevent complications such as thrombosis and hemorrhage. Phlebotomy is used to decrease the red cell mass, and medications such as hydroxyurea and interferon are used to control the production of blood cells. 👉 Use of Salicylates in PV Patients Salicylates such as aspirin are used in PV patients to reduce the risk of blood clots. Aspirin works by inhibiting platelet aggregation, which reduces the risk of thrombosis. The use of aspirin in PV patients must be carefully monitored, as it can increase the risk of bleeding due to the already increased blood viscosity. ▬ 🎬 5500+ sqadia.com Medical Videos ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 👩🏻‍⚕️ Accessible Medical Student Education 24/7/365 💡 Simplifying Medical Learning 💪 Study Hard, Dream Big, Achieve More