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淨界法師：从信仰的修学提升到智慧的观照

淨界法師 ：《天台教觀綱宗》 時間: 2015/06/03 地點: 洛杉磯 淨土教觀學苑 編號：期中研討3 ---- 所以， 一个人整个成败的关键， 就是空性的智慧了。 从净土宗的角度，一个人临命终的时候提起佛号， 这个佛号能不能冲过生死关， 跟你的空性的智慧有直接密切的关系。 因为到了临终的时候， 所有的烦恼业力现前，你不是去处理它， 因为你没办法处理了。 你这个时候怎么处理呢？ 内忧外患了。 内有颠倒妄想， 外有生死业力，你怎么处理呢？ 大凡你想要处理业力， 你有这种概念， 你就完了。 临终时只有把它看破， 就是安住空性， 不随妄转， 这个是最好的处理。 The key message in this talk is the importance of transitioning from a faith-based practice to a wisdom-based observation in Buddhist cultivation, particularly within the context of the Mahayana tradition. Here's a detailed explanation: Faith-Based Practice and Its Limits: In the early stages of Buddhist practice, most people rely on faith. This faith is rooted in their past karma and the belief in the law of cause and effect (karma), taking refuge in the Three Jewels (Buddha, Dharma, Sangha), and, in Pure Land Buddhism, faith in Amitabha Buddha. At this stage, practitioners focus on activities like chanting, repenting for past misdeeds, and accumulating merit. This is a form of practice that deals with external appearances and phenomena, with the goal of purifying one's karma. An analogy often used in the scriptures is that of water and salt. Imagine a bucket of salty water representing one's negative karma. Through faith-based practices like repentance and merit accumulation, it's like adding fresh water to the bucket, diluting the saltiness. The amount of salt (karma) doesn't change, but its effect is lessened. However, this approach doesn't fundamentally alter the nature of karma. While it's an essential foundation, it’s not the ultimate goal. Transition to Wisdom-Based Observation: The critical step in Buddhist practice is moving from this faith-based approach to one that involves wisdom-based observation. This shift is especially important in Pure Land Buddhism, as it deals with overcoming karma and ultimately solving the problem of birth and death (samsara). The key wisdom here is the realization of emptiness (śūnyatā). For beginners, it’s essential to focus on understanding emptiness rather than more advanced practices like "contemplation of illusion" (假观), because without a grasp of emptiness, one may mistakenly take phenomena as real, leading to attachment. Contemplation of illusion relies on the understanding that everything is like a dream or an illusion, and one uses external forms to cultivate the mind. However, without the wisdom of emptiness, one may become attached to these forms, leading to the mind being influenced by external conditions. The Role of Emptiness: The success or failure of a practitioner ultimately hinges on their understanding of emptiness. In Pure Land Buddhism, this wisdom is crucial, especially at the moment of death. When facing the end of life, all one’s past karma and delusions will surface. At this point, it’s no longer possible to deal with them through ordinary means. Instead, one must rely on the wisdom of emptiness to see through these illusions, remain unaffected by them, and thus overcome the obstacles of birth and death. Without this realization, a practitioner remains trapped in the illusions created by karma and will not be able to solve the problem of samsara in this lifetime. Therefore, transitioning from faith to the wisdom of emptiness is essential for anyone seeking liberation. Different Approaches in Mahayana Buddhism: Within Mahayana Buddhism, the application of emptiness differs between the "Path of Sages" (圣道门) and Pure Land practice. The Path of Sages focuses on completely eliminating karma through self-effort, while Pure Land practice benefits from the compassionate vow of Amitabha Buddha, which allows practitioners to subdue karma rather than eliminate it entirely. This means that in Pure Land Buddhism, the goal is to pacify karma through the wisdom of emptiness, making it manageable rather than fully eradicating it. Two Methods of Contemplating Emptiness: There are two approaches to practicing emptiness in Mahayana Buddhism: 1. **Analytical Emptiness (析空观)**: This method is suitable for dealing with attachments rooted in past experiences of pleasure. It involves contemplating the impermanence, suffering, and non-self nature of phenomena to dissolve these attachments before death. 2. **Intrinsic Emptiness (体空观)**: This approach is more suitable for attachments rooted in ideals, aspirations, or a sense of responsibility. It involves directly observing that all phenomena are inherently empty and have no self-nature. This realization allows one to understand that nothing in life is truly worth clinging to because everything is ultimately empty. Both methods are important and applicable depending on the nature of one's attachments and the stage of practice. 視頻摘自：淨土教觀學苑 製作：善知識工作室 Youtube:    / @amtb-io   播放列表 (playlist):    • 淨界法師開示   #buddhism #淨界法師 #善知識 #念佛 #佛法 #净土宗 #淨宗學會 #淨土 #天台教觀綱宗