I WENT TO COMUNA 13 & THE SCIENCE DISTRICT OF MEDELLIN COLOMBIA скачать в хорошем качестве

I WENT TO COMUNA 13 & THE SCIENCE DISTRICT OF MEDELLIN COLOMBIA

Medellin is divided into 16 communes (from now on we’ll call them Comunas). If you think that El Poblado or Laureles are not comunas, you really need to read this blog to the end. All of the 250 neighborhoods in Medellin are part of one of the 16 comunas we have in the city. So comunas are not only the slums or the vulnerable neighborhoods as the locals also believe. Poblado is the comuna 14 (far away in distance to the comuna 13). Downtown (where Botero Square is located) is the comuna 10. Having said that, you are now aware that comuna 13 is one of the 16 comunas. If you are staying anywhere in Medellin you could ask someone which comuna you are in. Comuna 13 History Within what is now Comuna 13 there used to be a hamlet called Las Granjas. In the late 1800’s that was later changed to a neighborhood of Medellin called La America. It was full of big farms devoted to agricultural production since the altitude is very appropriate to grow many types of fruits and vegetables. comuna 13 medellin,comunas de medellin, operacion orion, tours en medellin, barrios de medellin, comuna 13, medellin comuna 13, tour medellin, escaleras electricas, medellin tours, escaleras electricas comuna 13, casa kolacho, walking tour medellin, operacion orion comuna 13, medellin walking tour, graffitour medellin, medellin barrios, graffitour, barrio pablo escobar, outdoor escalator, graffiti tour medellin, graffiti tour, comuna 13 tour, medellin graffiti tour, medellin escalator30´s in Medellin. However, the usage of the land changed dramatically after 1946 when a housing cooperative transformed a big farm into a residential sector. From that moment many illegal settlements developed in the surrounding areas (especially during the 60’s and 70’s) when many people sold their lands to new settlers coming from many different Colombian cities looking for jobs in the flourish economy. Another big immigration wave came in the late 70’s and beginning of the 80’s. This time it was displaced people escaping from the conflict in rural areas of Antioquia. More than 1,500 families settled in Comuna 13 and founded Las Independencias I, II, III and Nuevos Conquistadores (new Conquerors). This is why we could say that Comuna 13 is a place that from it’s foundation has been poorly managed by the local government and it has been historically occupied by immigrants. These victims were forced to leave their homes and live in this unknown new neighborhood with no skills apart from farming and construction knowledge. They were discriminated against by the older settlers and deemed as “invaders” which disrupted the integration in the entire comuna. All these displacement victims with no jobs, living in poorly self-constructed houses of wood and aluminum materials, taking water from contaminated streams and stealing electricity, were absolutely vulnerable to offers from gangs involved in smuggling and trafficking drugs. From the late 80’s and beginning of 90’s Paramilitares, FARC and ELN were disputing the control of the area since this territory is strategically located as a way to take out cocaine and take in weaponry. Moreover, these illegal groups were also controlling the communities by acting as judges responsible for settling disputes, deciding who lives and dies, who was a thief and who should be paid back for being a victim. The expansion of these illegal armies got out of control to the extent that it became a national problem since the wars among all of them were leaving many murders every day, it was literally a battlefield for more than a year, the second most dangerous area in the world. It was not until 2002 when Alvaro Uribe got elected as president of Colombia and decided to intervene in Comuna 13 along with the support and encouragement of the then Mayor of Medellin Luis Perez (currently the Governor of Antioquia). As a result 10 military operations were implemented in 2002, but the two most important ones were Mariscal and Orión. The Mariscal operation took place on the 21st of May 2002 with terrible outcomes: 9 people killed, 3 of them underage, all of them innocent civilians. After getting two of her sons injured during the shootings, a mother decided to wave through the window a white bed sheet shouting “let me out, let me out, I need to take my children to the hospital”. A few minutes later, as an act of pure solidarity, many of her neighbors supported her by doing the same, and in less than 30 minutes the whole neighborhood was covered with white “waved flags” and that was the beginning of the end of the Mariscal Operation. Thanks to her courage this Mariscal operation did not last that long, however a few hours were enough to destroy the morale of this community and to cause hundreds of displacements to other neighborhoods of Medellin. CREDIT:MEDELLIN TOURS