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Longhorn Brain and Spine - Paresthesia

https://longhornbrainandspine.com/par... What Is Paresthesia? The medical term “Paresthesia” refers to an unusual tingling sensation of the feet, legs, hand, or arms (Inoue et al., 2013). This condition usually corresponds with numbness, which means a loss of capacity to feel or perceive pressure or texture. A variety of conditions, such as prolonged nerve pressure, multiple sclerosis, nutrient and vitamin deficiencies, stroke, etc. may cause tingling and paresthesia. Mild tingling results from simple pressure on a nerve of the feet or legs. This pressure can occur while sleeping, when the nerves remain in the same position for a prolonged time. Tingling can sometimes herald a more significant nerve injury or an underlying illness. As a result, physicians find it critical to diagnose any inexplicable or odd sensation. What Are The Common Signs And Symptoms Of Paresthesia? The signs and symptoms of paresthesia vary according to the underlying disease, disorder, or condition. The most common symptoms of paresthesia include tingling, muscle weakness, bluish or cold skin, seizures or convulsion, severe pain in the affected area, numbness, sudden changes in vision, incoordination, urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, paralysis, eye pain, etc. (Tihanyi, Ferentzi, Beissner, & Köteles, 2018). Potential complications of paresthesia may cause permanent damage and increase the risk of amputation, coma or unconsciousness, paralysis, etc. What Are The Common Causes Of Paresthesia? One of the most common causes of peripheral neuropathy includes diabetes, which accounts for almost 30% of cases. Tingling and other symptoms in diabetic neuropathy frequently start in both feet and travel up the legs, followed by symptoms in both hands and moving up the arms. Nerve damage affects around two-thirds of diabetics, ranging from moderate to severe. Other causes of tingling may include the following (Romeo et al., 2018): Nerve entrapment syndromes such as carpal tunnel syndrome, radial or ulnar nerve palsy, etc. Vitamin deficiencies. Stroke Seizures or convulsions Infections like Lyme disease, HIV, herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus, etc. Autoimmune diseases like Guillain-Barre syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus. Hereditary disorders like Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Multiple sclerosis Migraine headache Hypothyroidism Nerve compression or damage due to a herniated disc or dislocated bone. Transient ischemic attack Systemic diseases like liver disease, vascular damage, blood disease, kidney disorders, hormonal imbalance, etc. Other causes of tingling may include excessive alcohol or tobacco consumption, deficiency of minerals like calcium, sodium, or potassium, exposure to toxins like heavy metals such as arsenic, lead, mercury, etc., radiation exposure or therapy, etc. How Do Spinal Specialists Diagnose Paresthesia? Initial diagnosis of tingling starts with the physician asking patients various questions regarding their symptoms. Neurosurgeons will perform a complete physical examination and take an extensive medical history about the symptoms to provide proper care according to the diagnosis. Medical history may include work environment, history of alcohol use, exposure to a toxin, risk of some diseases, genetics, etc. Other test procedures may include (Mansfield, Bleacher, Tadak, & Briggs, 2017): Blood tests: This helps to detect diabetes, organs like kidney or liver dysfunction, metabolic problems, autoimmune diseases, and vitamin deficiencies. Fluid test: This examines the cerebrospinal fluid of the brain and spinal cord to identify antibodies associated with peripheral neuropathy. Muscle test: Neurosurgeons will conduct an electromyogram and nerve conduction velocity to test the electrical activity of muscle and velocity of the nerves. Other tests: This includes various imaging tests like Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Computed tomography (CT) scan, etc. to visualize the problems. Sometimes neurosurgeons perform nerve biopsy and skin biopsy to observe the nerve fiber endings.