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Early iron age elite burials in the low countries with central European connections

There is a cluster of elite cremation burials in the Low Countries in which situlae, weaponry, horse-gear and wagons are found. Mostly imports from Central Europe, these objects are found brought together in varying configurations in cremation burials generally known as ‘Chieftain’s burials’ or ‘Princely graves’. In terms of grave goods these burials resemble the Furstengräber of the Hallstatt Culture of Central Europe, with famous Dutch and Belgian examples being the Chieftain’s grave of Oss, the wagon grave of Wijchen and the elite cemetery of Court-Saint-Etienne. These graves in the Low Countries tend to be published only in local journals and series, often in Dutch and French, making them inaccessible to many scholars (assuming they have been published at, which many have not). This paper will present the results of an in-depth and practice-based archaeological analysis of all these elite graves and the burial practice through which they were created. Not only did this research result in a comprehensive (and English) overview of the Dutch and Belgian graves, it revealed that the elite burials of the Low Countries are embedded in the local burial practices – as reflected by the use of the cremation rite, the bending and breaking of grave goods, and the pars pro toto deposition of human remains and objects, all in accordance with the dominant local urnfield burial practice. In a few graves, however, the configuration of the grave good set, the wrapping in textiles of grave goods and the dead and the reuse of burial mounds show the influence of individuals familiar with Hallstatt Culture burial customs.