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📌𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐨𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦 :- / drgbhanuprakash Optic nerve anatomy and visual pathway The visual pathway refers to the path that visual impulses travel along from the eye to the brain. Light travels through the lens to the retina. The retina, through photoreceptors and the ganglion cells, generates action potentials that travel to the brain via the optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, lateral geniculate nuclei (LGN) of the thalamus, optic radiations, and primary visual (occipital) cortex. The nasal retina receives information from the temporal visual field, and the temporal retina receives information from the nasal visual field. The macula and the fovea centralis are areas of the eye with the greatest visual acuity and are key to central visual field detection. The medial fibers of the optic nerves contain information from the temporal visual fields and cross over in the optic chiasm. The lateral fibers of the optic nerves contain information from the nasal visual fields and do not cross over. Examination of the visual fields allows the clinician to determine where in the visual pathway a lesion might occur. Monocular visual lesions suggest disease prior to the optic chiasm (in the eye or the optic nerve). Bilateral field defects suggest disease in or distal to the optic chiasm. Pituitary tumors may press on the optic chiasm and cause bitemporal hemianopia. The extrageniculate pathways include the pretectal pathway modulating pupillary action and accommodation, the tectal pathway modulating reflexive head and eye movement, and the suprachiasmatic pathway modulating circadian rhythms and sleep. #opticnerve #cranialnerve2 #secondcranialnerve #opticnerveanatomy #visualpathway #visualpathwayphysiology #neuroanatomy #anatomy #usmle #usmlestep1 #mbbs #mbbsanatomy #nationalexitexam #nationalexittest #usmleanatomy #usmleneuroanatomy #opticnerveanimation #visualpathwayanimation #mbbsvideos #cranialnerves #neetpg #fmge