Cardiac Anatomy, Human Anatomy, USMLE Step 1 - Full Vignette with Extended Explanations скачать в хорошем качестве

Cardiac Anatomy, Human Anatomy, USMLE Step 1 - Full Vignette with Extended Explanations

Chapters 00:00 - Case Presentation and Question 03:48 - Correct Answer Revealed and Explanation A 31-year-old man with anxiety, vitiligo, and a complex past medical history presents with exertional chest discomfort and progressive shortness of breath. His evaluation reveals a new diastolic murmur, leading to a planned surgical aortic valve workup. During preoperative planning, the team discusses a surgical maneuver involving the great arteries. How does the clinical context and anatomy inform the approach to cardiac bypass preparation in this scenario? VIDEO INFO Category: Cardiac Anatomy, Human Anatomy, USMLE Step 1 Difficulty: Easy - Basic level - Suitable for medical students Question Type: Management - Clinical management decisions Case Type: Complicated Condition Watch the video for explanation, or see the full explanation at: https://endlessmedical.academy/auth?h... QUESTION A 31-year-old man with anxiety and vitiligo presents for evaluation of exertional chest discomfort and progressive shortness of breath. He smokes one pack per day (10 pack-years) and has a past history notable for gastroparesis and contact dermatitis. He is 2 years sober from past alcohol misuse and reports prior injection drug use in remission.... OPTIONS A. Pass a finger through the transverse pericardial sinus behind the aorta and pulmonary trunk to loop the great arteries B. Open the oblique pericardial sinus behind the left atrium to encircle the venae cavae and pulmonary veins C. Incise the pericardial reflection at the right atrioventricular groove to expose the right coronary artery for clamping D. Clamp the superior vena cava and left atrial appendage together to control inflow during bypass setup Further reading: [1] Cardiac Anatomy (Pericardial sinuses overview) Authors: The American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS) The American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS). Year: 2026. Type: Source. Educational value: Provides clear anatomical orientation of pericardial spaces for learners. Confidence of existence and relevancy: 100% Available at: https://www.aats.org/tsra-primer-card... [2] Pericardial Recess: Computed Tomography Findings of Varying Disorders Authors: Lee, J. H., et al. Korean Journal of Radiology. Year: 2020. Type: Study. Educational value: Enhances understanding of imaging correlates of pericardial anatomy. Confidence of existence and relevancy: 100% Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles... Links to sources are provided for optional further reading only. The questions and explanations are independently authored and do not reproduce or adapt any specific third-party text or content. --------------------------------------------------- Our cases and questions come from the https://EndlessMedical.Academy quiz engine - multi-model platform. Each question and explanation is forged by consensus between multiple top AI models (i.e. Open AI GPT, Claude, Grok, etc.), with automated web searches for the latest research and verified references. Calculations (e.g. eGFR, dosages) are checked via code execution to eliminate errors, and all references are reviewed by several AIs to minimize hallucinations. Important note: This material is entirely AI-generated and has not been verified by human experts; despite stringent consensus checks, perfect accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Exercise caution - always corroborate the content with trusted references or qualified professionals, and never apply information from this content to patient care or clinical decisions without independent verification. Clinicians already rely on AI and online tools - myself included - so treat this content as an additional focused aid, not a replacement for proper medical education. Visit https://endlessmedical.academy for more AI-supported resources and cases. This material can not be treated as medical advice. May contain errors. --------------------------------------------------- #USMLE #COMLEXUSA USMLE(R) is a registered trademark of the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME). USMLE(R) is a joint program of the Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB) and the NBME. Neither organization endorses this publication. This publication and EndlessMedical LLC have no connection or association with the USMLE(R). COMLEX-USA(R) is a registered trademark of the National Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners (NBOME). The COMLEX-USA(R) program is owned and administered by the NBOME. The NBOME does not endorse this publication. This publication and EndlessMedical LLC have no connection or association with COMLEX-USA(R).