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Verse - The Last Night

Paul Éluard was born Eugène Émile Paul Grindel on December 14, 1895, in the Blue-Collar suburbs of Paris. His parents were modest, secular workers whose values contributed to their son's intellectual maturity and creative ingenuity. He officially adopted the pen name Paul Éluard following the First World War. Éluard’s poetic response to the war established his reputation amongst his contemporaries, leading him to join the Dada movement and, subsequently, the Surrealists. Surrealism had a profound influence on him, along with his Surrealist comrades, he joined the Communist Party, although most of them were eventually expelled from it, nevertheless, Éluard and the others remained Leftists. As the threat of Nazism and Fascism grew, Éluard’s poetry became more direct and politically charged. In 1945, he published the collection "Au rendez-vous allemand", which featured the following poem "The Last Night" and his most famous poem "Liberty". During the war, copies of the latter were dropped from Royal Air Force planes to inspire the people and reinforce war propaganda. During the last years of the war, Éluard rejoined the Communist Party as his international fame reached its all time high. His personal, romantic life had it's part in influencing him, his first marriage to Gala, with whom he had a child, ruled the most part of his early days as a poet, though they drifted apart in the late 1920s, where she left him for the known artist, Salvador Dalí. Éluard later found a partner in Maria Benz, known as Nusch, they stayed a couple until her death in 1946. And in 1951, he married Dominique Lemort, with Pablo Picasso serving as their witness. His life was cut short in November 1952, when he suffered a fatal heart attack at the age of 56.