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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and your genes

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common type of leukemia in adults. It is a type of blood cancer that starts in the bone marrow, where stem cells and white and red blood cells and platelets are formed. You might have a family member who has CLL and therefore some risk - but that risk is small, and most people with CLL have no family history of it. DNA is the material that carries all of the information about how our bodies look and work; sections of DNA are called genes. Genes tell a cell how to make a specific protein - used by the cell to grow and survive. DNA is organized into tightly coiled bundles called chromosomes, which carry thousands of genes. About 80% of people who have CLL have at least one of 4 common changes to their chromosome - most often, a deletion (where part of your chromosome is missing): using chromosome 11, 13 and 17. Another change is called a mutation - which is an extra chromosome. Some people with CLL have an extra chromosome, called trisomy 12. Or you may have other changes - to genes TP53 or IgHV (a TP53 mutation). When you are first diagnosed with CLL, you may have genetic tests on your leukemia cells. One kind of test is called FISH which stands for fluorescent in-situ hybridization. Doctors use the FISH test to look for changes in chromosomes and genes, such as whether part of a chromosome is missing or deleted. DNA sequencing is another way to look for gene changes. IN CLL, doctors use this test to look for faults or mutations in certain genes such as in the TP53 gene. they may also look for how many faults or mutations are in the IgHV gene. These genetic tests help doctors decide which type of drugs might help you in your CLL treatment. If your CLL is slow growing, you may wait months or years before genetic testing. However, if your CLL is fast growing, or you have symptoms, your doctor may recommends starting treatment sooner. Understanding developments in the genetics of CLL have led to new targeted therapies, which work by targeting cancer cells directly without hurting regular cells. Research advancements have revolutionized CLL treatment, and new clinical trials continue to offer hope. Learn more about CLL by visiting: https://www.bloodcancers.ca/I-Have-a-...