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Measles (3C, Koplik Spots)

Homepage: EMNote.org ■ 🚩Membership: https://tinyurl.com/joinemnote 🚩ACLS Lecture: https://tinyurl.com/emnoteacls Measles: Clinical Overview 1: Introduction Measles is a highly infectious viral respiratory disease. Primarily affects children and adults over 30 years old. Poses significant health risks globally. 2: Epidemiological Impact Pre-1963 vaccine: *2.6 million deaths annually* *2023* data shows *107,500 deaths* worldwide Majority of deaths occur in children under five years 3: Clinical Symptoms Timeline Symptoms appear *7-14 days* after virus exposure Initial symptoms include: *High fever* up to *104°F / 40°C* Persistent cough Nasal congestion Red, watery eyes *Koplik spots* develop *2-3 days* after initial symptoms 4: Rash Characteristics Maculopapular rash appears *3-5 days* after initial symptoms Starts on the face, spreads across the body Rash progression: *3 days* Rash duration: *5-6 days* 5: Transmission Dynamics Extremely contagious viral spread *90%* transmission rate among unvaccinated contacts Virus survives on surfaces for *2 hours* Infectious period: *4 days before to 4 days after* rash onset 6: High-Risk Populations Children under age *5* Adults over age *30* Immunocompromised individuals Patients with malnutritional status 7: Potential Complications Permanent vision loss Encephalitis Severe dehydrating diarrhea Recurrent ear infections Life-threatening pneumonia 8: Prevention Strategies MMR vaccine is primary preventive method Two-dose vaccination protocol: First dose at *1 year* of age Second dose between ages *4-6 years* 9: Treatment Approach No specific antiviral treatment Management focuses on symptomatic relief: Hydration protocols Antipyretic interventions Vitamin A supplementation 10: Conclusion Measles remains a global public health challenge Vaccination is key to preventing outbreaks Protecting vulnerable populations is critical

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