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Grade 10th biology unit 2 2.7 photosynthesis Heree's a slightly more detailed short note about photosynthesis: Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and certain bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose (sugar). This process is essential for sustaining most life on Earth. The Process: Photosynthesis occurs in two main stages: 1. Light-Dependent Reactions (Light Reactions): These reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll and other pigments, which energizes electrons. Water molecules are split, releasing oxygen (O₂) as a byproduct and providing electrons. This process generates ATP (energy currency) and NADPH (reducing power). 2. Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle or Dark Reactions): These reactions occur in the stroma of chloroplasts. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere is "fixed" (incorporated) into organic molecules using the energy from ATP and the reducing power of NADPH. This process ultimately produces glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆), which can be used by the plant for energy and growth. Overall Equation: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Light Energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ Importance: • Energy Source: Photosynthesis is the primary source of energy for almost all ecosystems, as it provides the food (glucose) that fuels most organisms. • Oxygen Production: Photosynthesis releases oxygen into the atmosphere, which is essential for the respiration of most living things. • Carbon Dioxide Removal: Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, helping to regulate the Earth's climate. In summary, photosynthesis is a vital process that converts light energy into chemical energy, providing the foundation for most food chains and maintaining the balance of gases in our atmosphere. የ telegram chanal @uniqueacademy ብላቹ ማግኘት ትችላላችሁ!!