Pheochromocytoma (adrenal gland Medulla Tumor) ; Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment скачать в хорошем качестве

Pheochromocytoma (adrenal gland Medulla Tumor) ; Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor that forms in the adrenal medulla, the inner part of the adrenal glands located above the kidneys. These tumors produce excess hormones, particularly catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine), which can cause various symptoms and complications. Symptoms High Blood Pressure: Sudden, severe spikes in blood pressure. Headaches: Often severe and pounding. Sweating: Excessive, even without physical exertion. Heart Palpitations: Rapid or irregular heartbeat. Panic Attack Symptoms: Sudden intense fear, anxiety, or a sense of doom. Other Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and chest pain. Causes Genetic Factors: Many cases are linked to genetic mutations, such as those in the VHL gene, RET gene, and others2. Sporadic Cases: Some cases occur without a known genetic cause. Diagnosis Blood Tests: Elevated levels of catecholamines or their metabolites. Imaging: MRI, CT scans, or PET scans to locate the tumor. Treatment Surgery: Removal of the tumor is the primary treatment. Medications: Alpha-blockers and beta-blockers to control blood pressure before surgery. Monitoring: Regular follow-ups to check for recurrence or new tumors. Complications Hypertensive Crisis: Severe high blood pressure that can lead to organ damage. Cardiovascular Issues: Increased risk of heart disease and stroke. Other Organ Damage: Potential impact on kidneys, lungs, and other organs #Pheochromocytoma