Bhaugolik Khojen | भौगोलिकखोजें History скачать в хорошем качестве

Bhaugolik Khojen | भौगोलिकखोजें History

#bhaugolik_khojen #bihardeledexam #deled #biharpolice #bssc #bihardaroga #biharboard #bseb The video, titled "Bihar Board Class 9th Chapter 1 | History | Bhaugolik Khojen," provides a comprehensive overview of Geographical Discoveries (Bhaugolik Khojen) from the 15th to the 17th centuries (1:41-1:52). These discoveries marked a pivotal period in world history, leading to the beginning of the modern era (1:54-1:59) and significantly impacting global geography, trade, culture, and politics (2:05-2:24). Here's a breakdown of the key topics discussed: Definition of Geographical Discoveries (0:32-1:21): This refers to the era when European countries explored and discovered new lands, sea routes, and places across the globe. Causes of Geographical Discoveries (2:57-3:04): Invention of Scientific Instruments (3:11-5:37): Compass (Disha Suchak Yantra) (3:16-4:10): Learned from Arabs, it reduced the risk of getting lost at sea. Astrolabe (4:12-4:46): Helped sailors determine latitude and find their correct position. Improved Mapmaking (4:48-4:54): Led to more accurate maps, making travel easier. Development of New Ships (Caravel) (4:59-5:27): Developed in Portugal, these light, fast ships were suitable for long voyages. Ruler's Encouragement (5:47-7:03): Rulers from Spain and Portugal, notably Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal and Queen Isabella of Spain, provided financial and logistical support to explorers. Fall of Constantinople (1453 AD) (8:08-9:48): The Ottoman Empire's capture of Constantinople, a vital trade center between Europe and Asia, led to heavy taxes and eventually the closure of trade routes. This forced European merchants to seek new sea routes to India and other Eastern countries. Major Explorers and Their Discoveries (9:58-22:25): Bartholomew Dias (13:41-15:26): In 1488, he reached the southern tip of Africa, initially naming it "Cape of Storms" (14:06-14:17), which was later renamed "Cape of Good Hope" by King John II of Portugal (14:49-15:26). Christopher Columbus (15:29-17:38): In 1492, while attempting to find a westward sea route to India, he mistakenly landed on an island in the Bahamas (San Salvador) (16:03-16:20). He believed it was India and called the inhabitants "Red Indians" (16:22-16:45). He actually discovered America, which later came to be known as the "New World" (16:48-17:38). Vasco da Gama (17:42-19:10): In 1498, following Bartholomew Dias's route, he reached the Cape of Good Hope and, with the help of Indian merchant Abdul Majid (18:33-18:48), found a sea route to Calicut (Kerala) in India (18:14-18:25). He was welcomed by the local ruler Zamorin (18:18-18:34). This discovery opened a new chapter in trade between India and Europe (19:07-19:10). Amerigo Vespucci (19:40-20:28): Between 1499 and 1502, he explored the Atlantic and confirmed that the land discovered by Columbus was not India but a new continent. America was named after him (20:11-20:28). Ferdinand Magellan (20:36-21:52): In 1519, he embarked on the first circumnavigation of the world, proving that the Earth is round (20:49-21:52). He also named the Pacific Ocean (21:00-21:11). He died in the Philippines in 1521, but his crew completed the journey (21:22-21:43). Captain James Cook (22:03-22:25): In the 18th century (1768-1799), he extensively explored and mapped New Zealand, Australia, and many Pacific islands. Results and Impacts of Geographical Discoveries (22:30-29:28): Impact on Trade and Commerce (22:52-24:27): Expansion of European trade from the Mediterranean and Baltic Seas to the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. Increased trade in spices, silk, tea, sugar, and indigo. Rise of Colonialism (24:27-25:26): European nations like Portugal, Spain, England, Holland, Sweden, Denmark, and France established colonies and settlements in America, Africa, Australia, and other islands. Arrival of European Companies in India (25:31-25:55): Portuguese (1498), English East India Company (1600), Dutch (1602), Danish (1616), French (1664), and Swedish (1771). Exchange of New Crops and Goods (26:12-27:43): Introduction of coffee, tea, sugarcane, corn, potatoes, tobacco, and indigo to Europe. Indian crops like mangoes and sugarcane went to other regions. Development of Slave Trade (27:54-28:20): The demand for labor in American plantations (especially for sugarcane and cotton) led to the large-scale enslavement and transportation of Africans to America, giving rise to the Atlantic slave trade. Advancements in Geographical Knowledge (28:21-28:35): Improvement in maps and the confirmation of the Earth's spherical shape by Ferdinand Magellan's voyage. Expansion of European Power (28:40-28:57): European nations, particularly Spain, Portugal, Britain, and France, gained significant economic and political power. Commercial Revolution and Rise of Capitalism (28:57-29:26): Global trade led to a commercial revolution, fostering the development of banks, financial resources, and trading companies.