Vesicovaginal Fistula ; Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment скачать в хорошем качестве

Vesicovaginal Fistula ; Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is a type of fistula that occurs between the bladder (vesico) and vagina. It is an abnormal connection that allows urine to flow from the bladder into the vagina, leading to urinary incontinence and other symptoms. Causes: 1. Childbirth (especially with tears or episiotomy) 2. Surgery (e.g., hysterectomy, cesarean section) 3. Infection (e.g., abscess, sepsis) 4. Cancer (e.g., cervical, vaginal) 5. Radiation therapy 6. Trauma (e.g., sexual assault) Symptoms: 1. Urinary incontinence (leaking urine into the vagina) 2. Constant vaginal discharge or dripping 3. Painful urination or sexual activity 4. Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) 5. Foul-smelling vaginal discharge Diagnosis: 1. Physical exam 2. Urine test (e.g., dye test) 3. Imaging studies (e.g., cystoscopy, vaginoscopy) 4. Fistulography (contrast dye test) Treatment: 1. Surgery (e.g., fistula repair, bladder repair) 2. Catheterization (temporary urinary diversion) 3. Antibiotics (for UTIs) 4. Bladder training (to improve bladder function) 5. Vaginal estrogens (to improve vaginal health) VVF is a distressing condition that affects a woman's quality of life. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve outcomes and reduce the risk of complications. #Vesicovaginalfistula #Fistula