Biliary Strictures (Narrowing of the Bile Ducts) ; Causes, Types, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment скачать в хорошем качестве

Biliary Strictures (Narrowing of the Bile Ducts) ; Causes, Types, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Biliary Strictures Definition Biliary strictures are abnormal narrowings of the bile ducts, obstructing bile flow and potentially leading to liver damage, jaundice, and other complications. Types 1. Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) 2. Post-operative strictures (e.g., cholecystectomy) 3. Traumatic strictures (e.g., injury, ERCP) 4. Malignant strictures (e.g., cholangiocarcinoma) 5. Benign strictures (e.g., inflammatory, fibrotic) Causes 1. Iatrogenic (surgical or procedural complications) 2. Trauma (blunt or penetrating) 3. Inflammation (e.g., PSC, chronic pancreatitis) 4. Infection (e.g., cholangitis) 5. Neoplasms (e.g., cholangiocarcinoma) 6. Congenital conditions (e.g., biliary atresia) Symptoms 1. Jaundice 2. Abdominal pain 3. Nausea and vomiting 4. Fever 5. Pruritus 6. Dark urine 7. Pale stools Diagnosis 1. Imaging studies: Ultrasound CT scan MRI ERCP PTC (percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography) 2. Laboratory tests: Bilirubin levels Liver function tests (LFTs) Amylase and lipase levels 3. Clinical evaluation Treatment 1. Endoscopic therapy: Balloon dilation Stenting Sphincterotomy 2. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) 3. Surgical intervention: Biliary reconstruction Hepaticojejunostomy Liver transplantation (in severe cases) 4. Medical management: Antibiotics Pain management Ursodeoxycholic acid Complications 1. Cholangitis 2. Liver cirrhosis 3. Portal hypertension 4. Hepatic failure 5. Malnutrition 6. Increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma #BiliaryStrictures