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Early Romantics

(1785-1810) Some believe the period formally started from 1798, after the publication of the prelude, but I am including the transitional period when James Thompson wrote. Thompson is the bridge between Pre-Romanticism and Romanticism. In Britain, Romanticism was not a single unified movement, consolidated around any one person, place, moment, or manifesto, and the various schools, styles, and stances we now label capital-R Romantic would resist being lumped into one clear category. Yet all of Romanticism’s products exploded out of the same set of contexts: some were a century in the making; others were overnight upheavals. Ushered in by revolutions in the United States (1776) and France (1789), the Romantic period coincides with the societal transformations of the Industrial Revolution, the rise of liberal movements and the state’s counterrevolutionary measures, and the voicing of radical ideas—Parliamentary reform, expanded suffrage, abolitionism, atheism—in pamphlets and public demonstrations. Though Britain avoided an actual revolution, political tensions sporadically broke out into traumatizing violence, as in the Peterloo massacre of 1819, in which state cavalry killed at least 10 peaceful demonstrators and wounded hundreds more. The Lake Poets were a group of English poets who lived in and were inspired by the Lake District in northwest England during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The central figures of this group were William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Robert Southey. Though they were not a formal school of poetry, their shared residence and frequent interactions led to the popular association of their work with the region. The picturesque landscape of the Lake District deeply influenced their writing, often providing both a setting and a source of emotional and philosophical reflection. William Wordsworth, often regarded as the leader of the group, championed a new style of poetry grounded in the simplicity of rural life and the beauty of nature. His collaboration with Coleridge produced 'Lyrical Ballads' (1798), a landmark in English Romanticism that broke away from the ornate language and classical subjects of earlier poetry. Coleridge, while sharing Wordsworth's love for nature, delved more into the supernatural and the psychological, evident in works like 'The Rime of the Ancient Mariner' and 'Kubla Khan'. Southey, who eventually became Poet Laureate, was more conservative in his later years but still contributed to the romantic ethos through narrative poems and essays. Although their styles and ideologies diverged over time—particularly in political and philosophical outlooks—the Lake Poets are united by their emphasis on personal emotion, imagination, and the natural world. They reacted against the rationalism of the Enlightenment and the industrial changes sweeping England, offering instead a vision rooted in introspection and pastoral serenity. The legacy of the Lake Poets continues to shape the Romantic tradition and the broader understanding of poetry as a deeply personal and transformative art form. Source: Poetry Foundation Music: Mozart's String Quartet No. 15 in D minor, MOVEMENT I, K. 421