Diabetic macular edema Or Diabetes Related Macular Edema ; Definition, Symptoms, Treatment скачать в хорошем качестве

Diabetic macular edema Or Diabetes Related Macular Edema ; Definition, Symptoms, Treatment

Diabetic macular edema (DME), also referred to as diabetes-related macular edema, is a complication of diabetic retinopathy that leads to swelling in the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp vision. Here's an overview: Causes Hyperglycemia: Chronic high blood sugar levels damage retinal blood vessels, causing them to leak fluid into the macula. Inflammation: Elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) contribute to vascular permeability and edema. Symptoms Blurred or distorted vision. Difficulty seeing fine details. Dark spots or floaters in vision. Reduced color perception. Diagnosis Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Visualizes retinal swelling and fluid accumulation. Fluorescein Angiography: Detects leaking blood vessels. Comprehensive Eye Exam: Identifies signs of diabetic retinopathy and macular edema. Treatment Anti-VEGF Therapy: Intravitreal injections of drugs like ranibizumab (Lucentis) or aflibercept (Eylea) to reduce vascular leakage and inflammation. Corticosteroids: Intravitreal implants (e.g., fluocinolone acetonide) for patients unresponsive to anti-VEGF therapy. Laser Photocoagulation: Targets leaking blood vessels to stabilize vision. Lifestyle Management: Strict blood sugar control to prevent progression. Regular eye exams for early detection. Complications Untreated DME can lead to irreversible vision loss. Associated with increased risk of glaucoma and retinal detachment #edema