ANATOMY OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM - UTERUS, FALLOPIAN TUBE, OVARY, CERVIX, VAGINA - FUNCTION скачать в хорошем качестве

ANATOMY OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM - UTERUS, FALLOPIAN TUBE, OVARY, CERVIX, VAGINA - FUNCTION

​ @LOVE MEDICS FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Tissues, glands, & organs are involved in producing offspring. They are within the true pelvis. FUNCTION It produces gametes called eggs, It secretes sex hormones (such as estrogen), It provides a site for fertilization, It gestates a fetus if fertilization occurs, giving birth to a baby. PARTS OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Internal Genital Organs Ovaries Fallopian tubes Uterus Cervix Vagina. External Genitalia OVARY One of a pair of female glands in which the eggs form & the female hormones estrogen & progesterone are made. Shape: Almond-shape Size: 4 x 2 cm long Location: Lateral wall of pelvis -ovarian fossa. Inferior to the pelvic inlet. COVERING OF OVARY Ovaries are surrounded by thin fibrous capsules - Tunica albuginea This capsule is covered externally by a modified area of peritoneum -Germinal epithelium LIGAMENTS OF OVARY Mesovarium suspensory ligament of ovary Round ligament of ovary FUNCTION The ovaries are the sites of egg production (oogenesis). At birth ~ 1 million to 2 million eggs; At the time of puberty only about 300,000 remained. Of these, only about 500 will be ovulated during a woman's reproductive lifetime. Any remaining eggs gradually die out at menopause When one matures, it is released down into a fallopian tube. FALLOPIAN TUBE It is the narrow tubes that are attached to the upper part of the uterus and serve as tunnels for the ova (egg cells) to travel from the ovaries to the uterus. Uterine tube / ovarian tube It extends outwards from uterine cornua (uterine horns) - ends near the ovary. MEASUREMENT: 10 cm – long PARTS OF THE FALLOPIAN TUBE Infundibulum, Finger like projection -FIMBRIAE Ampulla Isthmus Intramural part Lies on the upper border of the broad ligament At the abdominal ostium, the tube opens into the peritoneal cavity which is therefore in communication with the exterior of the body via the uterus and the vagina. FALLOPIAN TUBE FUNCTION: It conveys the ovum from the ovary towards the uterus It is essential to allow the sperm & egg to meet. It promotes oxygenation & nutrition for sperm, and ovum Fertilization occurs. The fertilized egg then moves to the uterus, where it implants into the lining of the uterine wall. UTERUS It is a hollow pyriform muscular organ It is situated in the pelvis between the bladder in front and the rectum behind. Normal position : Anteversion & Anteflexion. Measurement: 8 cm - long, 5 cm - wide at the fundus Shape: pear shape Walls Thickness: About 1.25 cm Weight :50–80 g. LAYERS OF UTERUS Endometrium Myometrium Perimetrium UTERUS - FUNCTION It serves as a site for the Reception, Retention, and Nutrition of the fertilized ovum. It holds and nourishes a developing fetus UTERUS- pregnancy Uterus enlarged as a result of increased production of estrogen & progesterone Enlargement due to hypertrophy of smooth muscle fibers of myometrium / some hyperplasia The 1st month – remains a pelvic organ The 3rd month - fundus raised out of the pelvis The 9th month – reaches the xiphoid process UTERINE CAVITY Cavity of uterus - triangleCavity of the cervix -cervical canal communicates with the cavity of body through the internal os & with that of the vagina through the external os PARTS OF UTERUS : Fundus Body/corpus Cervix CERVIX It is narrower than the body of the uterus A channel through the cervix allows sperm to enter & menstrual blood to exit. Measurement: 2.5 cm - length. Lateral to the cervix lies cellular connective tissue called the parametrium. The posterior aspect of the cervix is covered by the peritoneum of pouch of Douglas. The upper part of the cervix mostly consists of involuntary muscle, whereas the lower part is mainly fibrous connective tissue. Deep glandular follicles -secrete clear mucus Epithelium of the endocervix - columnar Upper two-thirds- ciliated columnar Around external os - stratified squamous epithelium The junction of these two types of epithelium is called the ‘squamocolumnar junction’ or transformation zone. Before the birth of the first child, the external os is circular In parous women, the vaginal part of the cervix is larger and external os becomes a transverse slit so that it possesses an anterior lip and posterior lip VAGINA/ BIRTH CANAL It is a distensible fibromuscular tube that extends from the perineum through the pelvic floor and into the pelvic cavity. It joins the cervix to the outside of the body MEASUREMENT: 8–12 cm - in length. It extends from the vestibule to the uterus and is situated behind the bladder and in front of the rectum. The urethra is embedded in / fused to the anterior vaginal wall. At its upper end, the anterior wall is pierced by the cervix, and it projects downward & backward into the vaginaPosteriorly - Rectum. #lovemedics #reproductivesystem #tamilmedico #anatomy #physiology #obstetric #obg