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Cleft lip and palate ultrasound

Sonographic features can be variable depending on the exact type of cleft anomaly. In general, an upper lip defect may be seen and is best appreciated on angled coronal scanning. A vertical hypoechoic region through the fetal upper lip usually represents the defect in cleft lip. This finding may be corroborated by a similar defect of the soft tissues of the upper lip overlying the maxilla in the axial plane. The palate can be examined in the transverse (axial) plane. 3D ultrasound may further assist in diagnosis. It is good practice to comment on fetal swallowing in real time as the ultrasound is performed. Type-specific sonographic features include: type III: may be seen as a premaxillary echogenic mass 8 Ancillary sonographic features there can be polyhydramnios if the defect is severe and impairs swallowing