Veterinary Cardiology: Chronic Degenerative Valve Disease In Dogs скачать в хорошем качестве

Veterinary Cardiology: Chronic Degenerative Valve Disease In Dogs

Veterinary Cardiology: Chronic Degenerative Valve Disease In Dogs Chronic degenerative valvular disease is a term that refers to a condition in which the heart valves degenerate in a noninfectious manner. The mitral valve, located on the left side of the heart, is the most frequently afflicted valve in dogs, followed by the tricuspid valve, located on the right side of the heart. We do not fully understand why, over time, the valve leaflets become abnormally swollen and nodular. The altered shape of the valves obstructs the formation of a tight seal, resulting in a leak. As a result, some of the ventricle's blood seeps back into the atrium with each heartbeat, causing the heart murmur. Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, Miniature Poodles, Cocker Spaniels, Miniature Schnauzers, and Terrier strains are the most typically affected breeds. Additionally, Cavalier King Charles Spaniels are more prone to developing the chronic valvular disease than other small breed dogs. Chronic degenerative valve disease has a varied course, making prognosis challenging to predict. Many people with chronic valvular disease, on the other hand, have moderate and slowly developing diseases that may not affect their quality of life. However, as the condition progresses, the leaks grow more severe, and the heart must compensate for the increased workload. As a result, the heart muscle gains prominence until it becomes incapable of compensating for the increased stress. Congestive heart failure arises when the heart is unable to compensate. In addition, congestive heart failure-related fluid accumulation in the lungs typically manifests as coughing, shortness of breath, and fast breathing. Severe congestive heart failure requires extensive treatment, including oxygen supplementation and hospitalization. Many cases, however, when detected early, can be handled on an outpatient basis. Regrettably, no treatment helps reverse the alterations caused by chronic valvular disease in dogs. Our goal is to slow the disease's progression, as, before the beginning of heart failure, this condition does not affect a dog's life expectancy or quality of life. A recent study had shown a clear benefit in dogs with moderate valve degeneration and non-congestive heart failure when pimobendan (brand name Vetmedin) was used. An ace inhibitor such as Enalapril or benazepril is also a possibility, although efficacy in dogs at this stage of the disease has not been shown conclusively. Pimobendan is a medication that aids in the increase of the heart's contractility and is beneficial when used before the beginning of heart failure. Pimobendan is marketed in the United States under the brand name Vetmedin. Although it has few adverse effects, you should contact your veterinarian if your dogs develop signs of anorexia, vomiting, or diarrhea. Enalapril is a medication that may provide some long-term protection for the heart. Enalapril is marketed in the United States under the brand name Enacard. However, because Enalapril may affect the kidneys, the veterinarian will retest the kidney values one or two weeks after initiating the medicine and regularly after that. Therefore, the dog's owner should administer this cardiac medication according to the veterinarian's instructions. If the dog's owner notices signs of anorexia, vomiting, or diarrhea, the owner should contact the veterinarian. Coughing can occur for a variety of causes in dogs with mitral valve dysfunction. First, they may cough due to excess fluid in the lungs, a condition known as pulmonary edema. Second, they may cough due to persistent lower airway disease, commonly referred to as bronchitis. Finally, the individual may cough due to the big heart pressing against and irritating the airways. Treatment is not necessary for a mild intermittent cough. However, the veterinarian may offer cough medicine when a cough becomes severe enough to impair the animal's quality of life. As there is no sign of fluid in the lungs, the patient may use a cough suppressant such as hydrocodone to improve their quality of life if the coughing is bothersome. Although the cough suppressant will not remove the cough, it will alleviate the dog's discomfort. Before administering over-the-counter cough suppressants on a dog, the owner should always consult with the primary veterinarian. Although there is an elevated risk of anesthetic problems in patients with heart disease, the danger of general anesthesia can be minimized with diligent monitoring and a safe cardiac protocol. If anesthetics are required, avoid ketamine, telazol, dexdormitor, or other alpha-2 agonists, as well as acepromazine. Atropine and glycopyrrolate usually are reserved for use during anesthesia if hemodynamically severe bradycardia occurs. If fluids are utilized, the veterinary anesthesiologist should use them cautiously.