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Multiprocessor Caches and Cache Coherence in Parallel Architecture

Multiprocessor systems use private caches for each core to improve performance by reducing memory access latency. However, having multiple cached copies of the same data creates consistency problems when one processor updates a value and others still see stale data. This cache coherence problem and describes solutions using coherence protocols such as MSI and MESI, which manage cache states to keep shared data consistent. It also introduces snooping-based and directory-based coherence mechanisms—snooping uses a shared bus, while directory-based methods scale better for large systems. Overall, cache coherence is essential to ensure data integrity, correct parallel execution, and scalable performance in modern multicore and multiprocessor systems