NEUROBLASTOMA Symptoms, Signs, Causes, Treatment скачать в хорошем качестве

NEUROBLASTOMA Symptoms, Signs, Causes, Treatment

NEUROBLASTOMA Symptoms- Signs- Causes- Treatment : Pediatric Neuroblastoma Cancer Lecture What is neuroblastoma? Neuroblastoma is a cancer that develops from immature nerve cells found in several areas of the body. Neuroblastoma most commonly arises in and around the adrenal glands, which have similar origins to nerve cells and sit a top the kidneys. What is the survival rate for neuroblastoma? The 5-year survival rate for neuroblastoma is 81%. However, a child's survival rate depends on many factors, particularly the risk grouping of the tumor. For children with low-risk neuroblastoma, the 5-year survival rate is higher than 95%. Is neuroblastoma cancer curable? The clinical behavior of neuroblastoma is highly variable, with some tumors being easily treatable, but the majority being very aggressive. This article will only address the therapy of high-risk neuroblastoma. The treatment of low or intermediate-risk tumors is very different from treating high-risk disease How does a child get neuroblastoma? Neuroblastomas develop when normal fetal neuroblasts do not become mature nerve cells or adrenal medulla cells. Instead, they continue to grow and divide. Neuroblasts might not have matured completely in babies by the time they are born Is neuroblastoma a brain cancer? It usually begins in the adrenal gland, which is located above the kidney, but the tumor can also begin in nerve tissue near the spine. It is most common in children under the age of five. Despite the name, neuroblastoma is not a brain tumor. It is the most common extracranial solid tumor that affects children. How bad is stage 4 neuroblastoma? Stage 4: The cancer has spread to distant sites such as distant lymph nodes, bone, liver, skin, bone marrow, or other organs (but the child does not meet the criteria for stage 4S). Stage 4S (also called “special” neuroblastoma): The child is younger than 1 year old. The cancer is on one side of the body. How do you know if your child has neuroblastoma? Tumors in the abdomen (belly) or pelvis: One of the most common signs of a neuroblastoma is a large lump or swelling in the child's abdomen. The child might not want to eat (which can lead to weight loss). If the child is old enough, he or she may complain of feeling full or having belly pain Is neuroblastoma always fatal? Neuroblastoma Prognosis It's deadly cancer. Although there are only about 650 to 700 cases a year in the U.S., neuroblastoma accounts for 12% of childhood cancer deaths. About 90% of cases occur in children under age 10; some 60% occur before age 2. It's the most common cancer of newborns. Does neuroblastoma come back? After treatment, the concerns tend to shift toward the long-term effects of neuroblastoma and its treatment, and concerns about neuroblastoma coming back (recurrence). It's certainly normal to want to put neuroblastoma and its treatment behind you and to get back to a life that doesn't revolve around cancer. Other signs and symptoms that may indicate neuroblastoma include: Lumps of tissue under the skin. Eyeballs that seem to protrude from the sockets (proptosis) Dark circles, similar to bruises, around the eyes. Back pain. Fever. Unexplained weight loss. Bone pain. How is neuroblastoma diagnosed? Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy Neuroblastoma often spreads to the bone marrow (the soft inner parts of certain bones). If blood or urine levels of catecholamines are increased, then finding cancer cells in a bone marrow sample is enough to diagnose neuroblastoma (without getting a biopsy of the main tumor). How does neuroblastoma develop? Causes. Neuroblastoma happens when neuroblasts grow and divide out of control instead of developing into nerve cells. The exact cause of this abnormal growth is not known, but scientists believe a defect in the genes of a neuroblast allows it to divide uncontrollably. How long is treatment for neuroblastoma? Your child has the immunotherapy by injection into the blood stream. Most children have it through their central line. They usually have treatment for about 16 weeks (about 4 months). Is Stage 4 neuroblastoma a terminal? Most neuroblastomas in this age group are stage 4S and regress spontaneously, without treatment. Treatment will only be given if the tumour is causing life-threatening symptoms or if it has spread to the bone, lungs or central nervous system. What age is neuroblastoma diagnosed? The average age of children when they are diagnosed is about 1 to 2 years. In rare cases, neuroblastoma is detected by ultrasound even before birth. Nearly 90% of cases are diagnosed by age 5. Neuroblastoma is rare in people over the age of 10 years. What is the meaning of neuroblastoma? Neuroblastomas are cancers that start in early nerve cells (called neuroblasts) of the sympathetic nervous system, so they can be found anywhere along this system. Most neuroblastomas begin in sympathetic nerve ganglia in the abdomen, about half of these start in the adrenal gland.