Anatomy of the Lower Cranial Nerves, Posterior Fossa and Jugular Foramen скачать в хорошем качестве

Anatomy of the Lower Cranial Nerves, Posterior Fossa and Jugular Foramen

Cranial nerves V thru XII are sequentially shown at the brainstem and at their distinct exits from the posterior fossa. Their relationships to one another and to vascular structures of the posterior fossa and to the labyrinth can be appreciated. Note the shared exit of IX and the cochlear aqueduct from the posterior fossa. Identify the olive. Note the nerves exit the brainstem either from the pontomedullary junction, the post-olivary line or the pre-olivary line. Note the distinctly separated exits of IX, X-XI, and XII that allows them to be identified surgically above the pars nervosa of the jugular foramen where X,XI and XII are bundled together. To download, study and manipulate this anatomy in any view search for "3-D Virtual Model of the "Visible Ear". The "Visible Ear" is a library of digital images of a human temporal bone and surrounding structures developed by Mads Sorensen, M.D. and colleagues at the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (Sorenson et al, ORL, 2002; 64:378-381). The temporal bone and surrounding structures were serially sectioned at 25 micron thickness. Anatomical structures of interest were segmented by Dr. Sorensen and colleagues. The surface model can also be sliced open in the X, Y or Z planes and the appropriate raw histological image can be superimposed on the cleavage plane. Contributors to this model include Haobing Wang, M.A. and Saumil N. Merchant, M.D. from Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Michael Teixido, M.D and Brian Kung, M.D from Delaware Biotechnology Institute, as well as Mads Sorenson, M.D. and his group from Copenhagen, Denmark. Model development was supported by a core grant from the NIDCD (P30 DC05209). The movie production project was supported by NIH Grant Number 2 P20 RR016472-04 under the INBRE Program of the National Center for Research Resources.