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Section 22 of BNS Vs Section 84 of IPC (Act of a Person of Unsound Mind)

Section 22 of the BNS and Section 84 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) are aligned in their provisions, both addressing the defense of insanity in criminal law. They establish that a person of unsound mind is not criminally liable for actions they commit if, at the time of the offense, they are incapable of understanding the nature of the act or recognizing that it is wrong or against the law. These sections underscore the principle that criminal liability requires not just the commission of an act but also the mental capacity to understand the act and its consequences. By focusing on the mental state of the accused at the time of the offense, these provisions ensure that individuals who are genuinely incapable of understanding their actions due to mental illness are not unjustly punished.