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Decompression Illness

The source provides a comprehensive overview of Decompression Illness (DCI), which is the collective term for two diving disorders: decompression sickness (DCS) and arterial gas embolism (AGE). It explains the distinct pathophysiologies of these conditions, noting that DCS is caused by inert gas bubbles forming in supersaturated tissues and blood during or after ascent, while AGE results from pulmonary barotrauma introducing large bubbles directly into the arterial circulation. The text further explores the complex relationship between DCS and AGE, particularly the role of right-to-left shunts like a patent foramen ovale (PFO) in allowing venous gas emboli (VGE) to cause serious neurological manifestations of DCS. Finally, the article outlines the manifestations, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of DCI, emphasizing the use of recompression and hyperbaric oxygen therapy.